Principal national parks of the world

Africa Europe and Russia

Asia North America and the Caribbean

Australia and Oceania South America

Africa

country national park date area description

protected status national park status square miles square km

Algeria Ahaggar . . . 1987 17,375 45,000 barren volcanic plateau in the Sahara

Chréa 1925 1983 103 266 Atlas Mountains near Blida; boar and jackal

Djurdjura . . . 1983 71 185 mountain range in the Kabylie region

El Kala . . . 1983 295 764 forested mountains along the Mediterranean Sea coast

Tassili-n-Ajjer . . . 1972 27,799 72,000 eroded sandstone formations in the Sahara; prehistoric rock paintings

Angola Bicuari 1938 1964 3,050 7,900 undulating plain; savanna and deciduous woodland; buffalo, cheetah, and antelope

Cangandala 1963 1970 243 630 gently sloping hills; woodland and savanna; antelope, hippopotamus, and leopard

Quiçama 1938 1957 3,668 9,500 Atlantic coast and cliffs; savanna woodland; buffalo, antelope, elephant, and cheetah

Benin Boucle de la Pendjari 1954 1961 1,064 2,755 savanna region along the Pendjari River; lion, elephant, hippopotamus, and antelope

W du Benin . . . 1954 1,938 5,020 savanna plains south of the Niger River; elephant, lion, antelope, and cheetah

Botswana Chobe 1961 1968 4,081 10,570 Chobe River floodplains and seasonal marsh; savanna; elephant, buffalo, and zebra

Gemsbok 1932 1971 10,682 27,665 desert (Kalahari) with some savanna vegetation; antelope, lion, and leopard

Nxai Pan . . . 1971 928 2,402 two salt pans with woodland savanna; giraffe, zebra, antelope, and lion

Burkina Faso Deux Balés 1937 1967 219 566 savanna plains along the Black Volta River; hippopotamus, buffalo, and elephant

Kaboré-Tambi (Pô) 1936 1976 937 2,427 floodplain along the Red Volta River; wooded savanna; elephant, antelope, and lion

W du Burkina Faso 1926 1954 734 1,900 peneplain in the Niger River basin; wooded savanna; lion, elephant, and antelope

Burundi Kibira . . . 1982 154 400 three massifs; dense mountain equatorial forest; chimpanzee and monkey

Cameroon Benue 1932 1968 695 1,800 rugged relief on the Benue plain; wooded; elephant, lion, hippopotamus, and antelope

Bouba Ndjidda 1947 1968 849 2,200 rugged peneplain with savanna woodland; rhinoceros, elephant, cheetah, and antelope

Faro 1947 1980 1,274 3,300 mountainous plateau; savanna woodland; cheetah, hippopotamus, and rhinoceros

Korup 1961 1986 486 1,259 inland plateau in the coastal zone; evergreen forest; monkey, elephant, and bush pig

Waza 1934 1968 656 1,700 grassy plains and acacia woodland in the Lake Chad basin; giraffe, elephant, and lion

Central African Republic Bamingui-Bangoran 1916 1933 4,131 10,700 savanna and woodlands with rocky outcrops; rhinoceros, elephant, leopard, and giraffe

Manovo–Gounda–Saint Floris . . . 1933 6,718 17,400 flat plain with seasonal flooding; wooded savanna; rhinoceros, leopard, elephant, giraffe, lion, antelope, and crocodile

Chad Manda 1953 1969 440 1,140 densely wooded plain along the Chari River; antelope, leopard, lion, and hippopotamus

Congo (Brazzaville) Odzala 1935 1940 489 1,266 undulating plateau; humid tropical forest; chimpanzee, gorilla, elephant, and lion

Congo (Kinshasa) Garamba . . . 1938 1,900 4,920 undulating peneplain; wooded savanna; rhinoceros, elephant, giraffe, and hippopotamus

Kahuzi-Biega 1950 1970 2,317 6,000 mountains of the Great Rift Valley; primary forest; gorilla, chimpanzee, and elephant

Kundelungu 1939 1970 2,934 7,600 plateau, foothills, and river valley; open woodland; zebra, antelope, and cheetah

Maiko . . . 1970 4,181 10,830 semimountainous region; dense equatorial forest; gorilla, okapi, elephant, and buffalo

Salonga . . . 1970 14,116 36,560 basin of the Congo River; equatorial forest; pygmy chimpanzee, elephant, and antelope

Upemba . . . 1939 4,529 11,730 Lake Upemba depression; swamp, savanna, and woodland; hippopotamus and zebra

Virunga (Albert) . . . 1925 3,012 7,800 Virunga volcanoes; Lake Edward; equatorial forest/steppe; gorilla and plains mammals

Côte d'Ivoire Asagny 1926 1981 73 190 waterlogged Bandama River basin; marshy savanna; chimpanzee, elephant, and buffalo

Banco 1929 1953 116 300 tropical rain forest along the Ébrié Lagoon; monkey, civet, chimpanzee, and antelope

Komoé (Comoe) 1926 1968 4,440 11,500 peneplain along the Komoé River; forest and savanna; chimpanzee, elephant, and lion

Marahoué . . . 1968 390 1,010 undulating (hilly) area; savanna woodland; monkey, elephant, and hippopotamus

Mount Péko . . . 1968 131 340 mountainous region; deciduous forest; monkey, chimpanzee, leopard, and elephant

Mount Sangbé . . . 1976 367 950 Toura Mountains; savanna woodland; elephant, warthog, buffalo, and monkey

Taï 1926 1973 1,351 3,500 peneplain of the Sassandra River; rain forest; monkey, pangolin, leopard, and elephant

Djibouti Day Forest . . . 1939 39 100 plateaus of the Goda Mountains; vestige of juniper forest; monkey and leopard

Egypt Ra's Muhammad . . . 1983 237 615 southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula; coral reef in the Red Sea; marine life

Ethiopia Abiyata-Shala Lakes . . . 1970 342 887 plains between two saline lakes in the Great Rift Valley; acacia savanna; migrant birds

Awash 1961 1969 292 756 Denakil plains; savanna with palm forest; antelope, zebra, cheetah, and ostrich

Bale Mountains . . . 1969 954 2,471 tableland, caves, and lakes; cedar forest and grassland; antelope, fox, and warthog

Gambela . . . 1974 1,954 5,061 plains flanking the Gilo and Itang rivers; marshlands; antelope, elephant, and lion

Maki . . . 1978 835 2,162 Maki River valley; savanna and thornbush; buffalo, antelope, elephant, giraffe, and lion

Nech Sar . . . 1973 198 514 grassy plains, Lake Haro Robi, and rocky ridges; zebra, antelope, buffalo, and leopard

Omo . . . 1966 1,571 4,068 grassy plains and acacia along the Omo River; buffalo, antelope, elephant, and lion

Simen Mountains . . . 1966 69 179 Simen Mountains, cliffs, and gorges; grassy plains and juniper; ibex, fox, and leopard

Yangudi Rassa . . . 1976 1,827 4,731 grassy plains rising to Mount Galato Daba; antelope, warthog, zebra, and cheetah

Ghana Bui . . . 1971 703 1,820 savanna woodland along the Black Volta River; hippopotamus, buffalo, and antelope

Digya . . . 1971 1,343 3,478 peninsula of Lake Volta; savanna woodland; monkey, elephant, and antelope

Mole 1961 1971 1,869 4,840 hilly region with savanna woodland; baboon, jackal, hyena, elephant, and antelope

Kenya Aberdare . . . 1950 296 766 volcanic mountains; rain forest and high moorland; rhinoceros, lion, and elephant

Amboseli . . . 1974 151 392 dry lake basin; seasonal swamps and thornbush; elephant, rhinoceros, and cheetah

Chyulu . . . 1983 182 471 hills in southern Kenya; a former game preserve

Kora 1974 1989 690 1,788 bushland along the Tana River; riverine forest; elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus

Lake Nakuru . . . 1967 73 188 shallow alkaline lake in the Great Rift Valley; dry savanna and hilly country; flamingo

Mari Waterhole . . . 1989 338 876 . . .

Meru . . . 1966 336 870 plains and hills; thornbush and grassland; rhinoceros, antelope, zebra, and lion

Mount Elgon 1958 1968 65 169 volcanic cone of Mount Elgon; montane forest; elephant, buffalo, leopard, and antelope

Mount Kenya . . . 1949 277 718 eroded mountain; glaciers; forest and high moorland; elephant, buffalo, and forest hog

Nairobi . . . 1946 45 117 upland plateau; woody savanna; concentrations of migratory plains mammals

Ruma 1966 1983 46 120 flat Lambwe valley with tall grassland and acacia woodland; antelope

Sibiloi . . . 1973 607 1,571 shore of Lake Rudolf (Turkana); dry grassy plains; zebra, giraffe, lion, and cheetah

Tsavo East . . . 1948 4,536 11,747 high Yatta Plateau; thornbush grassland; elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus

Tsavo West . . . 1948 3,500 9,065 Chyulu Hills; thornbush grassland; elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and antelope

Liberia Sapo . . . 1983 499 1,292 tropical-forest-covered lowland and marsh; elephant, pygmy hippopotamus, and zebra

Libya Kouf . . . 1979 135 350 mountainous Mediterranean Sea coast near Zawiyat al-Bayda'

Madagascar Ambre Mountains . . . 1958 70 182 ancient volcanic massif with crater lakes and waterfalls; tropical rain forest; lemur

Isalo . . . 1962 315 815 dissected massif with steep escarpments and gorges; woodland savanna; lemur

Mananara . . . 1989 84 100 mouth of the Mananara River (Cape Bellone)

Malawi Kasungu 1922 1970 894 2,316 wooded hills, rocky outcrops, and grassy valleys; elephant, antelope, and cheetah

Lake Malawi (Nyasa) 1934 1980 34 87 peninsula and islands in Lake Malawi; woodland; hippopotamus, leopard, and antelope

Lengwe 1928 1970 342 887 plains along the Shire River; savanna and thicket; antelope, monkey, lion, and hyena

Liwonde . . . 1973 208 538 sloping plains along the Shire River; woodland savanna; lion, elephant, and buffalo

Nyika . . . 1965 1,210 3,134 Nyika Plateau; grassland and evergreen forest; zebra, antelope, leopard, and lion

Mali Boucle du Baoulé 1950 1954 1,351 3,500 sandstone plateau; woodland savanna; antelope, giraffe, hippopotamus, and lion

Mauritania Arguin Banks . . . 1976 4,529 11,730 islands, coral reefs, and sandy Atlantic shore; grassland and acacia scrub; birdlife

Morocco Toubkal . . . 1942 139 360 High Atlas Mountains; holm oak and juniper forest; wild sheep, gazelle, and hyena

Mozambique Gorongoza 1921 1940 1,456 3,770 grassy plains; thorn scrub and palm jungle; elephant, antelope, buffalo, and lion

Namibia Etosha 1907 1958 8,598 22,270 area of inland drainage (salt pan); arid savanna; antelope, zebra, elephant, and lion

Niger W du Niger 1937 1954 849 2,200 Tapoa and Mékrou river valleys; wooded savanna; elephant, buffalo, and antelope

Nigeria Kainji Lake 1961 1975 2,054 5,320 shore of Kainji Lake and adjacent plains; wooded savanna; antelope, lion, and elephant

Rwanda Akagera . . . 1934 1,205 3,120 hills, lakes, and marshes along the Kagera River; grassland; zebra, antelope, and lion

Volcanoes 1925 1929 58 150 Virunga massif; bamboo forests and woodland; gorilla, elephant, buffalo, and antelope

Senegal Djoudj 1962 1971 62 160 saline flats (wetland) in the Sénégal River delta; acacia and tamarisk; flamingo

Niokolo Koba 1926 1954 3,525 9,130 floodplains along the Gambia River; savanna/woodland; leopard, elephant, and lion

Saloum Delta 1964 1976 293 760 delta with sand islands and lagoons; mangroves and open forest; monkey and warthog

Sierra Leone Outamba-Kilimi . . . 1986 312 808 broad river plains; savanna and woodland; elephant, leopard, and hippopotamus

South Africa Kalahari Gemsbok . . . 1931 3,703 9,591 red sand dunes and grassland in Cape Province; antelope, lion, anteater, and ostrich

Karroo 1962 1979 127 328 plains in Cape Province; grassland and bush; antelope, monkey, leopard, and ostrich

Kruger 1898 1926 7,523 19,485 undulating country in the Transvaal; savanna; rhinoceros, elephant, buffalo, and lion

Pilanesberg . . . 1979 212 550 volcanic hills in Bophuthatswana; savanna; rhinoceros, antelope, elephant, and cheetah

Suurberg (Addo Elephant) . . . 1985 82 211 broken country covered by scrub in Cape Province; elephant, antelope, and rhinoceros

Sudan, The Bandingilo 1935 1986 6,371 16,500 marshland near the Nile River; acacia savanna; rhinoceros, elephant, giraffe, and lion

Boma 1960 1986 8,803 22,800 flat floodplain and undulating plateau; woodlands; antelope, giraffe, buffalo, and lion

Dinder . . . 1935 3,436 8,900 floodplain along the Ethiopian Highlands; acacia savanna; giraffe, buffalo, and antelope

Nimule 1946 1954 158 410 hills along the White Nile River; savanna woodland; elephant, monkey, and antelope

Radom 1979 1980 4,826 12,500 hills and mountain range; savanna woodland; elephant, antelope, and hippopotamus

Shambe 1935 1985 239 620 papyrus marsh near Lake Shambe; savanna woodland; antelope, buffalo, and lion

Southern . . . 1939 8,880 23,000 flatland along the Sue River; bush and gallery forest; elephant, buffalo, and rhinoceros

Tanzania Arusha . . . 1967 53 137 Ngurdoto Crater and Mount Meru; rain forest; elephant, hippopotamus, and rhinoceros

Gombe 1943 1968 20 52 mountains along Lake Tanganyika; gallery forest; chimpanzee, monkey, and buffalo

Katavi 1951 1974 870 2,253 floodplain and lakes; woodland savanna; hippopotamus, buffalo, elephant, and antelope

Kilimanjaro 1951 1973 292 756 volcanic Mount Kilimanjaro rain forest; elephant, buffalo, rhinoceros, and antelope

Lake Manyara 1957 1960 125 325 salt lake of the Great Rift Valley; acacia grassland; rhinoceros, elephant, and lion

Mahali Mountains . . . 1985 609 1,577 mountain chain and valleys; tropical rain forest; chimpanzee, antelope, lion, and giraffe

Mikumi . . . 1964 1,247 3,230 Mkata River floodplain; woodland savanna; monkey, lion, giraffe, elephant, and zebra

Ruaha 1910 1964 5,000 12,950 Ruaha River valley; savanna and evergreen forest; lion, elephant, zebra, and rhinoceros

Rubondo 1966 1977 176 457 hilly island in Lake Victoria; evergreen forest; antelope, hippopotamus, and chimpanzee

Serengeti 1929 1951 5,700 14,763 open grassland plains; huge herds of migrating animals (antelope and zebra) and lion

Tarangire 1957 1970 1,004 2,600 undulating country; acacia thornbush; rhinoceros, antelope, elephant, lion, and buffalo

Togo Fazao-Malfakassa . . . 1951 741 1,920 Fazao Mountains; savanna woodland; chimpanzee, elephant, buffalo, and antelope

Kéran . . . 1950 632 1,636 Koumongou River floodplain; gallery forest and savanna; elephant and hippopotamus

Tunisia Ichkeul . . . 1980 49 126 lake on the Mediterranean coast; wetlands; resident and migratory birds

Mount Bu Hadmah 1936 1980 64 165 plateau of the Bu Hadmah range; juniper forest-steppe; gazelle and wild sheep

Uganda Kabarega (Murchison) Falls . . . 1952 1,483 3,840 rolling savanna with forest along the Victoria Nile; waterfalls; chimpanzee, buffalo, antelope, rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus, and lion

Kidepo Valley 1958 1962 519 1,344 Kidepo and Larus river basin; tree and shrub steppe; zebra, cheetah, and antelope

Lake Mburo 1959 1982 99 256 plains, hills, and swamp around Lake Mburo; acacia grassland; antelope and leopard

Queen Elizabeth (Ruwenzori) . . . 1952 764 1,978 Ruwenzori Range of the Great Rift Valley and Lakes Edward and George; tropical forest, savanna, and swamp; chimpanzee, elephant, buffalo, and lion

Zambia Blue Lagoon . . . 1973 174 450 Kafue Flats floodplain; grassland and fig trees; zebra, antelope, and wild dog

Isangano 1957 1972 324 840 flats of Lake Bangweulu; swamp forest and grassland; elephant, zebra, and antelope

Kafue 1951 1972 8,649 22,400 plateau along the Kafue River; teak forest and savanna; zebra, antelope, and lion

Kasanka 1941 1972 151 390 plateau; swamp and woodland savanna; antelope, elephant, hippopotamus, and zebra

Lavushi Manda 1941 1972 579 1,500 hills with vertical cliff faces; woodland savanna; leopard, lion, elephant, and buffalo

Liuwa Plain . . . 1972 1,413 3,660 flat sand plain; Kalahari short-grass vegetation; zebra, buffalo, and antelope

Lochinvar . . . 1972 158 410 seasonally flooded Kafue Flats; grassland and acacia; zebra, antelope, and birdlife

Lower Zambezi . . . 1983 1,580 4,092 hills along the Zambezi River; woodland savanna; elephant, hippopotamus, and buffalo

Luambe 1966 1972 98 254 alluvium along the Luangwa River; woodland savanna; lion, elephant, and rhinoceros

Lukusuzi 1938 1972 1,050 2,720 plateau of the Luangwa escarpment; woodland savanna; elephant, antelope, and zebra

Lusenga Plain 1942 1972 340 880 plain along the Kalungwishi River; woodland/grassland; elephant, zebra, and buffalo

Mosi-oa-Tunya . . . 1972 25 66 Zambezi River bank and Victoria Falls; woodland; elephant, warthog, and antelope

Mweru Wantipa 1942 1972 1,210 3,134 lakes; marsh and woodland savanna; elephant, buffalo, hippopotamus, and lion

North Luangwa 1939 1972 1,790 4,636 Luangwa River valley; woodland; buffalo, hippopotamus, lion, elephant, and antelope

Sioma Ngweze . . . 1972 2,037 5,276 flat area along the Zambezi River; Kalahari sand veld; giraffe, lion, and elephant

South Luangwa 1904 1972 3,494 9,050 Luangwa River valley; woodland savanna; buffalo, hippopotamus, elephant, and lion

Sumbu 1942 1985 797 2,063 shoreline of Lake Tanganyika; acacia and grassland; lion, elephant, and hippopotamus

West Lunga 1951 1972 650 1,684 flat area along the West Lunga River; dry evergreen forest; elephant, zebra, and buffalo

Zimbabwe Chimanimani . . . 1950 66 171 Chimanimani Mountains, gorges, and waterfalls; grassland and forest; antelope

Chizarira 1963 1975 737 1,910 Zambezi escarpment with gorges; woodland savanna; elephant, buffalo, and antelope

Gonarezhou 1968 1975 1,951 5,053 flat country along the Lundi River; mixed woodland; elephant, antelope, and buffalo

Hwange (Wankie) 1928 1949 5,657 14,651 expanse of Kalahari sands; teak forest; elephant, buffalo, antelope, giraffe, and lion

Inyanga 1902 1950 127 330 mountainous area and waterfalls; montane grassland; antelope, lion, and bushpig

Kazuma Pan 1949 1975 121 313 flat plains subject to seasonal flooding; open grassland; antelope and cheetah

Mana Pools 1930 1975 848 2,196 floodplain of the Zambezi River; woodland savanna; rhinoceros, elephant, and buffalo

Matopo . . . 1926 164 425 granite Matopo Hills and caves; woodland savanna; antelope, leopard, and buffalo

Matusadona 1963 1975 543 1,407 hilly escarpment along Lake Kariba; grassland; elephant, buffalo, antelope, and lion

Victoria Falls 1931 1952 8 20 Zambezi River bank and Victoria Falls; rain forest; antelope, hippopotamus, and lion

Zambezi 1931 1979 217 563 Kalahari sands along the Zambezi River; woodland; antelope, elephant, and lion

Asia

Armenia Sevan . . . 1978 579 1,500 Sevan Lake basin; mountain steppe and alpine landscape

Bhutan Royal Manas 1966 1988 254 658 Himalayan foothills; deciduous forest; tiger, rhinoceros, elephant, and buffalo

Cambodia Angkor Wat . . . 1925 42 108 jungle-covered ancient sandstone temple complex; wild ox, deer, tiger, and crocodile

Georgia Prielbrussky . . . 1986 390 1,010 Caucasus Mountains and Baksan River valley east of Mount Elbrus

India Anshi . . . 1987 96 250 in Karnataka

Balphakram . . . 1986 85 220 Garo Hills in Meghalaya; forest; elephant, gaur, deer, and boar

Bandhavgarh . . . 1968 173 449 Maikala Range (hills) in Madhya Pradesh; shorea forest; tiger, gaur, bear, and deer

Bandipur 1941 1974 337 874 hills of the Western Ghats in Karnataka; teak and sandalwood; gaur, deer, and tiger

Corbett . . . 1936 201 521 valley and hills in Uttar Pradesh; grassland and shorea forest; tiger, deer, and leopard

Dachigam . . . 1981 54 141 western Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir; dense forest; Kashmir stag, deer, and bear

Desert . . . 1981 1,221 3,162 Thar Desert in Rajasthan; antelope, fox, and bustard

Dudwa . . . 1977 189 490 hilly country and lakes in Uttar Pradesh; shorea forest; tiger, leopard, deer, and bear

Gir 1900 1976 445 1,153 hilly area of scrubland and teak in Gujarat; Asian lion, deer, antelope, and boar

Great Himalayan . . . 1984 234 606 northwestern Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh; leopard, bear, wild goat, and deer

Gugamal . . . 1987 140 362 in Maharashtra

Hemis High Altitude . . . 1981 1,583 4,100 trans-Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir; leopard, wild sheep, wild goat, and wolf

Indira Gandhi . . . 1989 46 118 in Tamil Nadu

Indravati . . . 1978 486 1,258 river valley in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, gaur, leopard, and deer

Kanger Ghati . . . 1982 77 200 in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, deer, leopard, and gaur

Kanha 1935 1955 363 940 Maikala Range (hills) in Madhya Pradesh; grassland and shorea forest; deer and tiger

Kaziranga 1908 1974 166 430 flat swampy country in Assam; Indian rhinoceros, elephant, buffalo, deer, and tiger

Keoladeo Ghana 1955 1981 11 29 natural depression and seasonal lake in Rajasthan; migratory birds, deer, and antelope

Khangchendzonga . . . 1977 328 850 central Himalayas in Sikkim; leopard, bear, wild sheep, and deer

Kishtwar . . . 1981 120 310 in Jammu and Kashmir; deer, stag, wild goat, and leopard

Kudremukh . . . 1987 232 600 mountain in Karnataka

Madhav . . . 1959 60 156 in Madhya Pradesh; leopard, antelope, and deer

Marine (Gulf of Kutch) . . . 1980 63 163 coast of Gujarat; mangroves; elephant, antelope, and birdlife

Marine (Wandur) . . . 1983 109 282 Andaman Islands; mangroves; boar, deer, and crocodile

Mouling . . . 1986 186 483 in Arunachal Pradesh

Nagarahole 1955 1988 248 643 hills of the Western Ghats in Karnataka; elephant, gaur, deer, and bear

Namdapha . . . 1986 766 1,985 eastern Himalayas in Arunachal Pradesh; tiger, elephant, leopard, gaur, and deer

Nanda Devi 1939 1982 243 630 basin in the western Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh; leopard, gaur, deer, and bear

Nawegaon . . . 1975 52 134 in Maharashtra; tiger, leopard, bear, gaur, deer, and antelope

North Simplipal . . . 1980 327 846 Simplipal Hills in Orissa; antelope, deer, elephant, leopard, pangolin, tiger, and bear

Palamau 1959 1986 82 213 Chota Nagpur plateau in Bihar; tiger, deer, elephant, leopard, boar, and wolf

Panna . . . 1981 2,095 5,427 hills in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, leopard, hyena, deer, and antelope

Pench . . . 1975 99 257 in Maharashtra; tiger, leopard, gaur, deer, and bear

Pench . . . 1977 113 293 in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, leopard, gaur, and deer

Periyar 1940 1982 118 305 hills along Periyar Lake in Kerala; tropical rain forest; elephant, gaur, deer, and tiger

Pin Valley . . . 1987 312 807 in Himachal Pradesh; wild goat, leopard, and wild sheep

Rajaji 1948 1988 321 832 in Uttar Pradesh; tiger, leopard, elephant, deer, and bear

Ranthambore . . . 1980 151 392 Vindhya Range of Rajasthan; deciduous forest and grassland; tiger, deer, and antelope

Sanjay . . . 1981 748 1,938 in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, leopard, gaur, deer, and antelope

Sariska 1955 1982 106 274 valleys and hills in Rajasthan; desert scrub and acacia; tiger, leopard, and deer

Satpura . . . 1981 202 524 mountains in Madhya Pradesh; tiger, leopard, deer, and gaur

Sundarbans 1973 1984 514 1,330 Ganges River delta in West Bengal; estuarine mangrove swamp; tiger, deer, and boar

Tadoba 1935 1955 45 117 mountains and Tadoba Lake in Maharashtra; deciduous rain forest; deer and tiger

Indonesia Bali Barat 1941 1982 300 777 hilly northwestern Bali; sandy beaches; mixed evergreen forest; tiger, deer, and wild ox

Baluran 1937 1980 97 250 coast and extinct volcano of eastern Java; acacia savanna; wild ox, buffalo, and leopard

Barisan Selatan 1935 1982 1,409 3,650 southwest coastal Sumatra; volcanic cones; mangroves and shorea forest; rhinoceros

Bromo-Tengger-Semeru 1919 1982 222 576 rugged volcanic uplands on eastern Java; woodlands; boar, deer, and leopard

Cape Puting 1936 1982 1,371 3,550 swampy peninsula on southern Kalimantan; rain forest; orangutan, gibbon, and leopard

Dumoga-Bone 1979 1982 1,158 3,000 valleys and mountains in north-central Celebes; lowland rain forest; wild ox

Kerinci Seblat . . . 1982 5,732 14,847 steep-sided rift valley on west-central Sumatra; forest; rhinoceros, tapir, and tiger

Komodo 1938 1980 670 1,735 three rugged Lesser Sunda islands; giant monitor lizard (the Komodo dragon) and deer

Kutai 1936 1982 767 1,986 east coast of Kalimantan; tropical rain forest; orangutan, gibbon, and leopard

Lore Lindu 1973 1982 892 2,310 folded mountains and hot springs in central Celebes; rain forest; wild ox and babirusa

Manusela . . . 1982 730 1,890 central mountains of Ceram (Moluccas); tropical rain forest; deer, boar, and civet

Meru Betiri 1972 1982 224 580 hills and valleys of southeastern Java; lowland rain forest; tiger, wild ox, and leopard

Mount Gede Pangrango 1889 1980 58 150 twin volcanoes and hot springs on western Java; tropical rain forest; gibbon

Mount Leuser 1934 1980 3,061 7,927 Barisan Range of northern Sumatra; tropical rain forest; orangutan, gibbon, and tiger

Mount Palung . . . 1990 347 900 mountain near west coast of Kalimantan

Point Kulon 1921 1992 475 1,230 peninsula and island of western Java; rain forest; rhinoceros, deer, and leopard

Mount Rinjani . . . 1990 154 400 mountain peak and lake on Lombok; coniferous forest; buffalo, deer, and monkey

Iran Bamou . . . 1962 186 481 mountains, hills, and plains; dwarf scrub vegetation; wild goat, wild sheep, and leopard

Golestan . . . 1957 355 919 Elburz Mountains; temperate forest and steppe; wild sheep, leopard, bear, and deer

Kavir . . . 1964 1,622 4,200 Kavir Desert; sand dunes, salt waste, and mountains; gazelle, cheetah, and wild goat

Tandoureh . . . 1968 119 308 limestone Kopet-Dag Range; steppe vegetation; wolf, bear, and wild sheep

Urmia Lake 1960 1967 1,790 4,636 saline lake with salt flats and marsh; a wintering area for waterfowl; leopard and deer

Israel Mount Carmel . . . 1956/60 32 84 mountain near Haifa; Mediterranean scrub vegetation and pine forest; birdlife

Japan Akan . . . 1934 349 905 active volcanoes and lakes on Hokkaido; coniferous forest; bear, raccoon, and deer

Aso-Kuju . . . 1934 281 727 sunken caldera of Aso volcano (active) with grassland skirting it on Kyushu

Bandai-Asahi . . . 1950 722 1,870 volcano and mountains on Honshu; lakes; beech forest; bear, monkey, and antelope

Chichibu-Tama . . . 1950 470 1,216 mountain region of sedimentary rocks on Honshu; pine and mixed forest

Chubu-Sangaku . . . 1934 673 1,743 Japanese Alps on Honshu; beech, oak, and coniferous forest; antelope

Daisen-Oki . . . 1936 123 319 Mount Daisen on Honshu; Oki islands in the Sea of Japan; grassy plains and forest

Daisetsuzan . . . 1934 892 2,309 Ishikari volcanic mountain range on Hokkaido; spruce and fir forest; bear

Fuji-Hakone-Izu . . . 1936 474 1,227 Mount Fuji volcano, seacoast, and islands of Honshu; pine and fir forest; deer and boar

Inland Sea (Seto-Naikai) . . . 1934 242 628 some 600 islands and part of the main shores of Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku of the Inland Sea; pine forest; monkey

Iriomote . . . 1972 48 125 islands of the Ryukyu archipelago of Okinawa; coral reef and subtropical forest

Ise-Shima . . . 1946 214 555 Shima Peninsula and islets of Honshu; Ise Bay noted for its Shinto shrine

Joshin'etsu Kogen . . . 1949 730 1,891 plateaus and volcanoes on Honshu; lakes; larch and birch forest; antelope

Kirishima-Yaku . . . 1934 212 548 Kirishima volcanic range of Kyushu and Yaku Island; cedar forest

Kushiro Shitsugen . . . 1987 104 269 Kushiro wetlands, Lake Toro, Shiraruto marsh, and hills on Hokkaido

Minami Alps . . . 1964 138 358 Southern Alps of Japan on Honshu; fir and hemlock forest; antelope

Mount Haku . . . 1962 184 477 volcanic mountain chain on Honshu; pine, beech, and oak forest; bear and antelope

Nikko . . . 1934 541 1,402 volcanic mountains, lakes, and waterfalls on Honshu; coniferous forest; serow and bear

Rikuchu Coast . . . 1955 47 123 Pacific Ocean coast on Honshu; high cliffs and grottoes; pine and deciduous forest

Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu . . . 1974 82 212 volcanic islands and marshy coastal plain of Hokkaido; sea cliffs and sand dunes

Saikai . . . 1955 95 247 volcanic Goto Archipelago and the Kujuku Islands west of Kyushu; subtropical forest

Shikotsu-Toya . . . 1949 380 983 Mount Yotei and caldera lakes on Hokkaido; fir forest; bear and sable

Shiretoko . . . 1964 149 386 mountainous peninsula of Hokkaido; spruce and fir forest; deer, fox, and bear

Towada-Hachimantai . . . 1936 330 854 Mount Hakkoda and Lake Towada on Honshu; hot springs; fir and beech forest

Unzen-Amakusa . . . 1934 109 283 volcano of Mount Unzen and maple forest on Kyushu; the Amakusa Islands

Yoshino-Kumano . . . 1936 231 598 Mount Yoshino on Honshu; the Kumano region with gorges and evergreens

Jordan Petra 1963 1968 47 122 Nabataean city carved in sandstone cliffs; semiarid with dwarf shrubs and oleander

Kazakhstan Bayanaul . . . 1985 176 455 . . .

Korea, North Mount Kumgang . . . . . . 169 439 rugged peak in the T'aebaek Mountains; deep gullies, waterfalls, and forest

Korea, South Ch'iak . . . 1984 70 182 mountain peak near Wonju; Kuryong temple

Chiri . . . 1967 170 440 peak of the Sobaek Mountains, gorges, and waterfalls; deciduous forest; deer and bear

Halla . . . 1970 58 149 dormant volcano on Cheju-do Island; subtropical vegetation; pheasant

Kyongju . . . 1968 53 138 ancient capital of Korea during the Silla kingdom with temples and tombs; pine forest

Odae . . . 1975 115 299 mountain peak; pine forest; temples

Songni . . . 1970 109 283 mountain peak and gorges; oak, maple, and gingko forest; Popchu temple

Sorak . . . 1970 144 373 granite mountain peak in the T'aebaek Mountains; maple and gingko forest; goral (goat)

Togyu . . . 1975 85 219 mountain peak south of Taejon; temples

Worak . . . 1984 110 285 mountain peak and hot springs

Kyrgyzstan Alaarcha . . . 1976 75 194 gorge in the Kyrgyz Mountain Range; fir forest and alpine meadows; deer and leopard

Malaysia Crocker Range . . . 1984 540 1,399 mountains in East Malaysia (Sabah)

Kinabalu . . . 1964 291 754 Mount Kinabalu in East Malaysia (Sabah); waterfalls; tropical rain forest; birdlife

Mount Mulu . . . 1974 204 529 mountain in East Malaysia (Sarawak); caves; tropical rain forest; leopard

Negara . . . 1939 1,677 4,344 plateau in West Malaysia; tropical rain forest; rhinoceros, elephant, wild ox, and tiger

Mongolia Ar-Toul . . . 1984 361 936 former game reserve near Ulaanbaatar

Great Gobi Desert . . . 1975 20,463 53,000 stony desert; scattered shrub and grass; antelope and wild camel

Myanmar Alaungdaw Kathapa . . . 1984 620 1,606 pagoda and mountains north of Pegu

Nepal Khaptad . . . 1986 87 225 plateau in the Himalayas; grassland and mixed forest; leopard, bear, boar, and deer

Langtang . . . 1976 660 1,710 alpine valley in the Himalayas; subtropical vegetation; wild goat, deer, and leopard

Royal Bardia (Karnali) . . . 1988 374 968 plains of the Bardia and Babai rivers; shorea forest and some grassland; tiger, deer, leopard, boar, elephant, and dolphin

Royal Chitwan 1846 1973 360 932 plains along the Rapti River; marsh and shorea forest; rhinoceros, tiger, deer, and bear

Sagarmatha . . . 1976 443 1,148 Mount Everest (Sagarmatha); pine, fir, and juniper forest; deer, wild goat, and leopard

Shey-Phoksumdo . . . 1984 1,373 3,555 trans-Himalayan region; forest and Tibetan flora; wild sheep, deer, and leopard

Pakistan Dhrun . . . 1988 647 1,677 mountain ridge and peak in Balochistan

Hazarganji-Chiltan 1890 1980 60 156 mountains in Balochistan; sparse scrub forest; wild goat, wild sheep, and leopard

Hingol . . . 1988 637 1,650 river valley in Balochistan

Khunjerab . . . 1975 876 2,269 valleys in the Himalayas, glaciers, and alpine meadows; birch forest; wild sheep

Kirthar 1940 1974 1,192 3,087 hills in the Thar Desert; xerophytic trees and shrubs; wild goat, antelope, and fox

Lalsuhanra 1947 1972 338 874 Cholistan Desert and impounded Patisar Lake; thorn forest; boar, deer, and jackal

Margalla Hills 1959 1980 67 174 hill ranges near Islamabad; acacia and pine forest; monkey

Philippines Bataan . . . 1945 92 237 rugged terrain along Manila Bay on Luzon; tropical forest; World War II battlefield

Lake Naujan . . . 1956 84 217 Lake Naujan area on Mindoro; marsh and forest; birdlife, deer, monkey, and boar

Mayon Volcano 1930 1938 21 55 active volcano on Luzon; grasslands and dwarf trees; deer, boar, and monitor lizard

Mount Apo . . . 1936 281 728 active volcano, lakes, hot springs, and waterfalls on Mindanao; forest; deer and boar

Mount Canlaon . . . 1934 95 246 active volcano, hot springs, and waterfalls on Negros; forest; deer, monkey, and boar

Mount Malindang . . . 1971 206 533 mountain and lake on Mindanao; tropical moist forest; wildlife

Mounts Iglit-Baco . . . 1970 291 754 rugged mountains on Mindoro; grasslands; buffalo (tamarau)

Saudi Arabia Asir . . . 1978/81 1,602 4,150 mountains and coastal plain; palm, acacia, and juniper; jackal, wolf, ibex, and monkey

Sri Lanka Floodplains . . . 1984 67 174 floodplains along the Mahaweli River; monsoon forest; elephant, wildcat, and boar

Gal River . . . 1954 100 259 Senanayake Lake and peneplain; tree savanna; elephant, buffalo, leopard, and deer

Maduru River 1979 1983 199 515 undulating peneplain; grassland and evergreen forest; elephant, bear, and buffalo

Ruhunu (Yala West) 1900 1938 53 137 coastal plain with rocky outcrops; thorn-scrub forest; bear, leopard, elephant, and deer

Somawathiya Chaitiya 1966 1986 146 378 deltaic floodplains of the Mahaweli River; grasses; elephant, jackal, wildcat, and boar

Uda Walawe . . . 1972 119 308 plains and foothills along the Walawe Reservoir; grassland; elephant, deer, and boar

Wasgomuwa 1907 1980/84 143 371 Sudukanda Mountain Range; evergreen forest; elephant, leopard, bear, and deer

Wilpattu 1905 1938 508 1,317 level region with lakes and dunes; patches of forest; elephant, deer, boar, and leopard

Yala East . . . 1969 70 181 Kumana mangrove swamp; semiarid thorn-scrub and dense forest; birdlife

Taiwan K'en-ting . . . 1982 126 326 rocky coasts and sand hills on the southern tip of Taiwan; tropical rain forest; birdlife

T'ai-lu-ko (Taroko) 1936 1986 355 920 deep marble gorge and mountains; rain forest; leopard, monkey, bear, and wild goat

Yü Peak . . . 1985 407 1,055 mountains and waterfalls; fir, spruce, and pine forest; serow, deer, bear, and monkey

Thailand Chae Son . . . 1988 229 592 . . .

Chang Islands . . . 1982 251 650 islands in the Gulf of Thailand southwest of Trat; sandy beaches and dense jungle

Chao Mai Beach . . . 1981 89 231 white-sand beach backed by casuarina trees near Trang; limestone hills with caves

Chat Trakan . . . 1987 210 543 . . .

Erawan 1959 1975 212 550 Erawan waterfall; mountains, cliffs, and limestone caves; sal and bamboo forest

Huat River . . . 1988 320 829 . . .

Krachan Rapids . . . 1981 1,124 2,910 Phetchaburi River and mountains; rain forest; tiger, gaur, tapir, elephant, and deer

Laem Ya Hill–Samet Islands . . . 1981 51 131 mainland white-sand beach and the Samet Islands in the Gulf of Thailand; deer, monkey, and fruit bat

Lan Canal . . . 1982 116 300 . . .

Mae Surin Waterfall . . . 1981 153 397 near Mae Hong Son

Mount Chong-Na Yoi . . . 1987 265 686 . . .

Mount Hin Rong Kla . . . 1984 119 307 rugged mountains, knotty stone formations, and waterfalls; forest

Mount Inthanon 1959 1972 186 482 Thailand's highest mountain; waterfalls; moist summit forest; civet, deer, bear, and lemur

Mount Khuntan . . . 1975 98 255 mountains and waterfalls near Chiang Mai; bear, serow, boar, deer, and tiger

Mount Kradung 1947 1962 134 348 limestone plateau; pine forest and grassland; deer, gibbon, elephant, bear, and jackal

Mount Luang 1961 1974 220 570 mountains with waterfalls; tropical rain forest; rhinoceros, leopard, elephant, and tiger

Mount Phan . . . 1972/75 257 665 mountains, waterfalls, and caves near Sakon Nakhon; forest; deer and elephant

Mount Pu–Mount Ya . . . 1982 268 694 . . .

Mount Rua . . . 1979 47 121 mountains near Loei; tropical and pine forest

Mount Salaeng Luang 1963 1972 487 1,262 mountains; waterfalls; wooded pastureland; elephant, gaur, deer, gibbon, and tiger

Mount Sok . . . 1980 249 646 limestone cliffs and waterfalls near Phangnga; rain forest; elephant, leopard, and serow

Mount Suthep-Pui . . . 1981 101 261 two peaks near Chiang Mai and waterfalls; evergreen forest; temples

Mount Yai 1959 1962 837 2,169 sandstone mountains and waterfalls; rain forest; deer, gibbon, elephant, tiger, and gaur

Nao River . . . 1972 373 966 hills, waterfalls, and caves near Lom Sak; pine and oak forest; elephant and banteng

Nopharat Thara Beach–Phi Phi Islands . . . 1983 151 390 sandy beach lined with casuarina trees near Krabi; islands with high cliffs, caves, and coconut trees; coral reef; birdlife

Pang Sida . . . 1982 326 844 . . .

Phangnga Bay . . . 1989 154 400 weathered limestone outcrops (islands) in Phangnga Bay; mangrove swamp

Phetra Islands . . . 1984 191 494 . . .

Phlui Waterfall . . . 1975 52 135 Sabup Peak

Ping River . . . 1981 387 1,003 river south of Ban Hong, cliffs, and mountains; teak forest

Ramkhamhaeng . . . 1980 132 341 mountains west of Sukhothai; pangolin, serow, boar, deer, and gaur

Sai Yok . . . 1980 193 500 waterfall near Kanchanaburi; limestone caves; bamboo forest; elephant and tiger

Si Laana . . . 1989 543 1,406 . . .

Si Nakarin . . . 1981 592 1,532 Lake Kwae Yai, waterfalls, and mountains; forest

Si Satchanalai . . . 1981 82 213 old walled city of the Sukhothai kingdom; temples

Similan Islands . . . 1982 49 128 nine islands in the Andaman Sea northwest of Phuket Island; coral reef; dense jungle

Son Point . . . 1983 122 315 Andaman Sea coastline; mangrove swamp and sandy beach; deer and monkey

Surin Islands . . . 1981 52 135 islands in the Andaman Sea southwest of Ranong; coral reef

Tarutao . . . 1974 575 1,490 islands in the Andaman Sea west of Satun; beaches and coral reef; dense jungle

Tat Ton . . . 1980 84 217 near Chaiyaphum

Thap Lan . . . 1981 865 2,240 . . .

Ton Krabak Yai . . . 1981 58 149 . . .

Wiang Kosai . . . 1981 158 410 near Lampang

Wong River . . . 1987 345 894 . . .

Yom River . . . 1986 176 455 . . .

Turkey Gallipoli Peninsula . . . 1973 127 330 sandy beaches and cliffs along the Dardanelles; pine and cypress woods; wolf

Göreme . . . 1986 37 96 rose-coloured cones and pinnacles of volcanic tuff in the Göreme valley

Karatepe-Aslantas . . . 1958 30 77 ruins of a Hittite city on a plateau; oak and pine woods; deer, jackal, wolf, and boar

Köprülü Canyon . . . 1973 141 366 deep limestone canyon of the Köprü River; cypress forest; deer and wolf

Munzur . . . 1971 162 420 mountain lakes and canyons; oak woods; bear, wolf, lynx, boar, and ibex

Olimpos-Beydaglari . . . 1972 133 344 coastal cliffs rising to mountains; pine, fir, and cedar forest; bear, wolf, and boar

Uzbekistan Uzbekistan People's Park . . . 1978 122 315 mountains along the north shore of the Turkestan Reservoir

Vietnam Bach Ma–Hai Van . . . 1986 87 225 two mountains; the scenic Hai Van mountain pass near Da Nang

Cat Ba . . . 1986 59 152 mountainous island, grottoes, and beaches; ironwood and teak; deer and chamois

Cuc Phuong . . . 1962 87 225 rugged area with caves and grottoes; primeval tropical forest; deer and monkey

Nam Bai-Cat Tien . . . 1978 145 376 . . .

Australia and Oceania

Australia Archer Bend . . . 1977 641 1,660 sandy plains on Cape York Peninsula in Queensland; gallery forests

Badgingarra . . . 1973 51 131 heath with native plants north of Perth in Western Australia

Barrington Tops . . . 1969 151 391 broad basalt plateau in New South Wales; temperate rain forest; wombat and kangaroo

Baw Baw . . . 1979 51 133 alpine heath and mountain ash in the Great Dividing Range in Victoria

Bellenden Ker . . . 1921 120 310 granite mountain range in Queensland; Josephine Falls; tropical rain forest; kangaroo

Ben Lomond . . . 1947 64 165 large alpine (dolerite) plateau in Tasmania; mountain wildflowers

Blackdown Tableland . . . 1980 92 238 forested sandstone plateau in Queensland; cliffs, gorges, and waterfalls

Bladensburg . . . 1984 130 337 in Queensland

Blue Mountains . . . 1959 954 2,470 sandstone formations in New South Wales; tropical forest; platypus and kangaroo

Bogong . . . 1981 314 812 high plateau in Victoria; alpine flora and snowfields

Boorabbin . . . 1977 100 260 sandy plain (scrubland) in Western Australia

Border Ranges . . . 1979 122 315 rim of a volcanic caldera in New South Wales; tropical rain forest

Bowling Green Bay . . . 1989 265 686 coastal wetland in Queensland; Mount Elliot; tropical rain forest

Budawang . . . 1977 62 161 low mountain range in New South Wales

Bundjalung . . . 1980 68 177 beaches, lagoons, and coastal heath near Lismore in New South Wales

Purnululu (Bungle Bungle) . . . 1987 806 2,087 eroded sandstone formations (towers) in Western Australia

Bunya Mountains . . . 1908 45 117 basalt mountain chain of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland; tropical forest

Burrowa–Pine Mountain . . . 1978 71 184 rhyolite and granite landforms in Victoria

Camooweal Caves . . . 1988 53 138 limestone cave formations in Queensland

Cape Arid . . . 1954 1,079 2,794 coastal landscape on the Great Australian Bight and Mount Arid in Western Australia

Cape Le Grand . . . 1948 122 315 rugged coastline with beaches and swamps in Western Australia; wallaby and opossum

Cape Melville . . . 1973 139 360 granite range forming a peninsula in Queensland and coastal plain

Cape Range . . . 1964 195 506 rugged canyons in Western Australia; caves; thick scrub; wallaby

Cape Tribulation . . . 1964 66 170 scenic coastline and tropical rain forest in Queensland; birdlife

Carnarvon . . . 1932 969 2,510 sandstone gorge in the Great Dividing Range in Queensland; eucalyptus and tree ferns

Cobbers-Tingaringy . . . 1979 450 1,166 forested mountain range in Victoria

Coffin Bay Peninsula . . . 1982 117 304 coastal sand dunes and mallee scrubland in South Australia

Collier Range . . . 1978 1,073 2,778 spinifex and soft grasslands in Western Australia

Conway Range . . . 1938 92 238 coastline and hills of Whitsunday Passage in Queensland; rain forest

Cooloola 1962 1975 211 547 sand hills and coastal dunes in Queensland; lakes; mangroves and rain forest

Coopracambra . . . 1988 150 388 mountain in Victoria

Coorong . . . 1968 26 68 sandspit coastline, dunes, and lagoon in South Australia; kangaroo and waterfowl

Cradle Mountain–Lake St. Clair . . . 1922 622 1,611 glaciated mountains in Tasmania; lakes and streams; moorland and eucalyptus and coniferous forest; wallaby and opossum

Croajingolong . . . 1979 338 875 coastal beaches and lagoons in Victoria; eucalyptus forest; kangaroo and flying fox

Daintree River . . . 1988 218 565 plateau and gorges of the Great Dividing Range in Queensland; tropical rain forest

D'Entrecasteaux . . . 1963 224 581 coastal heaths and lakes in Western Australia

Deua . . . 1979 316 818 forested ranges in New South Wales; ridges and limestone caves

Dharug . . . 1967 57 148 dissected plateau in New South Wales; semiarid forest and marsh; rock engravings

Drysdale River . . . 1974 1,683 4,359 wooded wilderness in the Kimberleys of Western Australia

Errinundra . . . 1988 99 256 river valley in Victoria; forest

Eungella . . . 1936 196 508 mountainous area in Queensland; grassy eucalyptus woodland and rain forest; platypus

Finke Gorge . . . 1967 177 459 river gorge with red sandstone cliffs and relict palms in Northern Territory; birdlife

Fitzgerald River . . . 1973 1,270 3,290 coastal inlets, cliffs, and barren mountain ranges in Western Australia; valley woodland

Flinders Chase . . . 1919 285 738 Kangaroo Island in South Australia; eucalyptus; kangaroo, anteater, koala, and emu

Flinders Ranges 1945 1972 366 949 eroded synclinal rock formations in South Australia; gorges, pools, and caves; kangaroo

Frank Hann . . . 1970 237 614 arid lands in Western Australia; sand-plain flora

Franklin–Lower Gordon Wild Rivers . . . 1981 1,699 4,401 undisturbed wild river, quartz peaks, wilderness gorges, temperate rain forest, and limestone caves in Tasmania

Gammon Ranges . . . 1970 495 1,282 rugged mountain wilderness broken by deep gorges in South Australia

Gibraltar Range . . . 1963 67 173 granite mountains in northern New South Wales; heath with some rain forest; platypus

Goongarrie . . . 1978 233 604 mulga (acacia) vegetation in Western Australia

Goulburn River . . . 1983 268 693 river flowing through hilly sandstone country in New South Wales; wildflowers

Grampians . . . 1984 645 1,670 rugged sandstone mountain range in Victoria; gorges and waterfalls; birdlife

Great Sandy . . . 1971 289 749 sand dunes on Fraser Island in Queensland; rain forest and coastal heath; dugong

Gurig . . . 1981 852 2,207 Cobourg Peninsula in Northern Territory; mangrove swamp; dugong and birdlife

Guy Fawkes River . . . 1970 137 356 river meanders with steep rock walls in New South Wales; woodland; kangaroo

Hamersley Range . . . 1969 2,385 6,176 layered sandstone mountains and gorges in Western Australia; acacia; kangaroo

Hattah-Kulkyne . . . 1960 185 480 lakes and floodplain in the mallee scrub region of Victoria; kangaroo and waterbirds

Herbert River Gorge . . . 1982 73 189 scenic gorge in Queensland; tableland and waterfalls

Hinchinbrook Island . . . 1932 154 399 island in Queensland; granite mountains and sandy beaches; bush and rain forest

Iron Range . . . 1977 134 346 rugged hills, coastal scenery, lowland rain forest, and tropical fauna in Queensland

Jardine River . . . 1977 915 2,370 tropical wilderness with swamps, heaths, and rain forest in Queensland

Kakadu 1972 1979 7,829 20,277 coastal plateau, gorge, and plains in Northern Territory; eucalyptus forest; wallaby

Kalbarri . . . 1963 719 1,861 gorge of the Murchison River in Western Australia; valley eucalyptus trees; kangaroo

Kanangra-Boyd . . . 1969 264 683 dissected sandstone plateau in New South Wales; eucalyptus forest; wallaby and koala

Katherine Gorge (Nitmiluk) . . . 1989 386 1,000 gorges of red-brown quartzite in Northern Territory; tropical woodland; wallaby

Keep River . . . 1981 220 569 sandstone landforms, ranges, and lagoons in Northern Territory; tropical savanna

Kinchega . . . 1967 171 442 Darling River plain and overflow lake system in New South Wales; swamps; kangaroo

Kosciusko . . . 1944 2,498 6,469 snowfields, caves, and forest in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales; kangaroo

Ku-ring-gai Chase . . . 1944 57 148 sandstone plateau on Broken Bay in New South Wales; bush and rain forest; koala

Lake Eyre . . . 1985 5,236 13,560 normally dry salt lake in South Australia; saltbush country; waterfowl

Lakefield . . . 1979 2,073 5,370 savanna woodland and swamps on the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland; crocodile

Lamington . . . 1915 79 205 mountains in Queensland; gorges, caves, and waterfalls; rain forest; koala

Lawn Hill . . . 1984 1,011 2,620 oasis of gorges, creeks, ponds, and tropical vegetation in an arid part of Queensland

Leeuwin-Naturaliste . . . 1970 73 190 coast of Western Australia between Capes Naturaliste and Leeuwin; heath and forest

Lincoln . . . 1962 112 291 plateau of the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia; mallee scrubland; kangaroo and emu

Little Desert . . . 1968 510 1,320 semiarid sandy heath and mallee scrubland in Victoria; seasonal wildflowers; kangaroo

Lower Glenelg . . . 1969 105 273 gorge of the Glenelg River in Victoria; caves; heath and eucalyptus forest; kangaroo

Macquarie Island 1933 1972 49 128 subantarctic region of Macquarie Island southeast of Tasmania; seal and penguin

Main Range . . . 1965 44 115 Mount Cordeaux and scenic plain of Queensland; rain forest

Mallee Cliffs . . . 1977 224 580 eucalyptus scrubland and fauna in New South Wales

Marramarra . . . 1979 45 117 Hawkesbury River region in New South Wales; mangroves

Millstream-Chichester Range . . . 1956 771 1,997 semiarid mountain range in Western Australia; spring-fed pools and palms; kangaroo and flying fox; Aboriginal rock engravings

Mitchell and Alice Rivers . . . 1977 143 371 gallery forests along these rivers in Queensland; crocodiles

Mitchell River . . . 1986 46 119 in Victoria

Moore River . . . 1967 68 175 area of wildflowers in Western Australia

Mootwingee . . . 1967 266 689 sandstone hills in New South Wales; acacia woodland; kangaroo; Aboriginal rock art

Moreton Island . . . 1966 65 168 island with enormous sandhills and dunes in Queensland; lakes

Morton . . . 1938 627 1,624 forested hilly area with sandstone mesas, gorges, and waterfalls in New South Wales

Mount Buffalo 1898 1956 120 310 mountains in the Great Dividing Range in Victoria; eucalyptus woodlands; wombat

Mount Field 1885 1916 63 163 parkland, dense rain forest, and glaciated mountain plateau in Tasmania; kangaroo

Mount Kaputar . . . 1960 142 368 slopes, gorges, and cliffs of the Nandewar Range in New South Wales; extinct volcano

Mount William . . . 1973 54 139 coastal heath; the habitat of Tasmania's only endemic kangaroo, the grey forester

Mungo . . . 1979 107 278 stabilized dunes and dry lakes in New South Wales; Aboriginal archaeological sites

Myall Lakes . . . 1972 122 315 coastal lakes, beaches, and dunes in New South Wales; swamp and rain forest; wallaby

Namadgi . . . 1984 405 1,050 granite outcrops and peaks in the Australian Capital Territory; forest

Nambung . . . 1967 71 183 limestone pinnacles and coastal beaches in Western Australia; dense scrub and heath

New England . . . 1935 115 299 tropical primeval forest of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales; kangaroo

Nullarbor . . . 1979 2,290 5,930 coastal cliffs and limestone caves in South Australia; saltbush country; wombat

Otway . . . 1981 49 127 mountain forest and coastal scenery in Victoria

Oxley Wild Rivers . . . 1986 348 902 Apsley gorge and waterfalls in New South Wales

Palmerston . . . 1941 55 142 tropical forest in northern Queensland; waterfalls

Peak Charles . . . 1979 154 400 granite peak in Western Australia

Robinson Gorge . . . 1953 298 773 deep sandstone gorge in the Expedition Range of Queensland

Rokeby-Croll Creek . . . 1981 1,124 2,910 McIlwraith Range and peninsula landforms in Queensland

Royal 1879 1886 58 150 rocky headlands, sandy beaches, and coastal forest in New South Wales

Rudall River . . . 1977 6,060 15,695 rugged hills, sand dunes, water holes, and salt lakes in Western Australia

Shannon . . . 1988 203 526 in Western Australia

Simpson Desert . . . 1967 3,907 10,120 waterless sand ridge desert in Queensland; abundant flowering after rain; kangaroo

Simpsons Gap . . . 1970 119 309 rocky mountain ridges in Northern Territory; gorges; shrubs and trees; wallaby

Snowy River . . . 1979 381 987 deep forested river gorge in Victoria

South-West 1955 1968 2,349 6,083 high peaks, dense rain forest, swift rivers, waterfalls, and isolated coastline in Tasmania

Stirling Range 1913 1957 447 1,157 steep rocky peaks and sand plains in Western Australia; kangaroo, wombat, and emu

Sturt . . . 1972 1,199 3,106 stony desert and eroded cliffs in New South Wales; shrubs; kangaroo and emu

Uluru (Ayers Rock-Mount Olga) . . . 1977 512 1,325 enormous monolith of Ayers Rock and the Olga group of domes in Northern Territory; arid sand plains; kangaroo, dingo, and birdlife; Aboriginal art

Wadbilliga . . . 1982 300 775 Brogo River wilderness area in New South Wales

Walpole-Nornalup 1910 1972 61 159 rugged coast and estuary in Western Australia; eucalyptus forest and heath; kangaroo

Warrumbungle . . . 1953 81 209 jagged volcanic mountain ridge in New South Wales; pine and eucalyptus; kangaroo

Washpool . . . 1983 107 277 wilderness area with subtropical rain forest in New South Wales

Watheroo . . . 1955 172 445 area of wildflowers in Western Australia

Werrikimbe . . . 1975 136 352 temperate and subtropical rain forest in New South Wales

Willandra . . . 1972 75 194 floodplain and intermittent watercourses in New South Wales; saltbush; kangaroo

Wilson's Promontory 1884 1986 27 70 mountainous coastal region with beaches in Victoria; rain forest; wombat and koala

Witjira . . . 1985 3,000 7,769 hills, salt pans, and dunes in South Australia; mound, thermal, and hot springs

Wollemi . . . 1979 1,881 4,873 dissected landscape of sandstone and volcanic mountains in New South Wales; forest

Wonnangatta-Moroka . . . 1982 413 1,070 deep gorge and subalpine scenery in Victoria

Wyperfeld 1909 1921 1,378 3,568 arid mallee scrub and sandhills covered with heath and thicket in Victoria; kangaroo

Yalgorup . . . 1966 50 129 mixed coastal heath and lakes in Western Australia; waterfowl

Yengo . . . 1988 540 1,400 mountain in New South Wales

Yuraygir . . . 1975 71 183 beaches, coastal heath, and fauna in New South Wales

New Zealand Abel Tasman . . . 1942 87 225 beaches, islands, and mountains on Tasman Bay; beech forest; deer and boar

Arthur's Pass . . . 1929 383 993 alpine region of the Southern Alps; glaciers and beech forest; chamois and deer

Egmont . . . 1900 129 335 volcanic cone of Mount Egmont; waterfalls; subtropical forest; wild goat and deer

Fiordland . . . 1952 4,853 12,570 fjords along the coast of South Island; glaciers; beech forest; chamois and deer

Mount Aspiring . . . 1964 1,223 3,167 Southern Alps; glaciers and river valleys; beech forest; deer, chamois, and wild goat

Mount Cook . . . 1953 270 700 Southern Alps; glaciers and alpine vegetation; wild goat, chamois, and deer

Nelson Lakes . . . 1956 393 1,018 Rotoiti and Rotoroa lakes surrounded by mountains; beech forest; deer and chamois

Tongariro . . . 1894 304 765 three volcanoes (two of them active), glaciers, and geysers; beech forest; birdlife

Urewera . . . 1954 821 2,126 mountains of North Island; waterfalls and mixed forest; feral cat, boar, and deer

Westland . . . 1960 454 1,175 western foothills of the Southern Alps and glaciers; subtropical rain forest; chamois

Whanganui . . . 1986 286 742 mountains of North Island and cliffs bordering the Whanganui River; forest; birdlife

Western Samoa O Le Pupu-Pue . . . 1978 11 29 mountain terrain with a lava tube; tropical rain forest; birdlife

Europe and Russia

Austria Hohe Tauern . . . 1986 144 373 Alpine region; high mountain peaks, waterfalls, and glaciers; pine forest; ibex and deer

Bosnia and Herzegovina Sutjeska . . . 1965 67 173 mountains and glacial lakes; oak, maple, and pine forest; bear, chamois, deer, and boar

Bulgaria Pirin . . . 1963 155 401 mountains, granite formations, and lakes; spruce and pine forest; wild goat and bear

Vitosha . . . 1934 103 266 Vitosha Mountain, a dormant volcano, near Sofia; oak, beech, and birch forest; deer

Croatia Kornati 1967 1980 86 224 barren islands in the Adriatic Sea; steep shores and cliffs; scattered oak, olive, and fig

Krka River 1962 1985 55 142 Krka River gorge with waterfalls and lakes; oak and hornbeam; fox, marten, and polecat

Plitvice Lakes . . . 1949 74 192 massifs with lakes, waterfalls, and caves; beech and fir forest; bear, deer, and wolf

Czech Republic Krkonose (Giant Mountains) . . . 1963 140 363 part of the Giant Mountains of Bohemia; spruce forest and alpine meadow; deer, wild sheep, and boar

Estonia Lakhemaa . . . 1971 683 1,769 rocky shore along the Gulf of Finland; grassland and juniper groves; elk, bear, and lynx

Finland Lemmen River . . . 1956 1,102 2,850 hills and lakes; pine and spruce forest and open heath; elk, reindeer, bear, and wolf

Oulanka . . . 1956 104 269 valley of the Oulanka River; heathland and pine forest; reindeer, elk, fox, and bear

Pallas-Ounas Hills . . . 1938 195 506 mountain plateau; canyons; peat land and coniferous forest; reindeer, bear, and elk

Urho Kekkonen . . . 1983 985 2,550 hills, small rivers, and gorges; heathland and pine and spruce forest; reindeer

France Cévennes . . . 1970 352 913 plateau, mountains, and gorges; grassland and oak/beech forest; boar, deer, and fox

Écrins . . . 1973 354 918 region of the Alps; lakes, gorges, cirques, and glaciers; larch forest; chamois and fox

Mercantour . . . 1979 264 685 part of the Alps; lakes and glaciers; pine and larch forest; chamois, ibex, and fox

Pyrénées Occidentales . . . 1967 176 457 mountains on the Spanish border; beech and pine forest; chamois, bear, lynx, and ibex

Vanoise . . . 1963 204 528 region of the Alps; lakes and glaciers; pine forest and heather; chamois, ibex, and fox

Georgia Tbilisi . . . 1973 76 197 . . .

Germany Bavarian Forest . . . 1970 51 131 undulating mountain plateau; spruce, fir, and beech forest; deer, boar, otter, and lynx

Berchtesgaden 1910 1978 81 210 Alpine region; flat-topped mountains, mixed forest, and lakes; chamois, deer, and eagle

Lower Saxony Wadden Sea . . . 1986 927 2,400 North Sea coastline in Lower Saxony; sand dunes and salt meadows; seal and marine birds

Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea . . . 1985 1,100 2,850 North Sea coastline south of the Danish border; mud flats, sand cliffs, and islands; seal and marine birds

Greece Mount Olympus . . . 1938 15 40 massif of Olympus near the Aegean Sea; maquis and pine forest; wolf and fox

Préspa 1971 1974 75 195 Lake Mikrá Préspa and part of Lake Préspa; lagoons and reed swamp; waterfowl

Víkos-Aóös . . . 1973 49 126 Voïdomátis River gorge; caves; beech, fir, and pine forest; bear, wolf, and deer

Hungary Aggtelek 1945 1985 76 197 cave system, including the Baradla Caves, with huge chambers and stalagmites

Bükk . . . 1976 150 388 plateau region with deep valleys, streams, and caves; beech forest

Hortobágy . . . 1973 202 522 large grassy plain with lakes, marshes, and scattered woods; water birds

Kiskunság . . . 1975 139 359 Great Alfold lowlands; grassland, lakes, and reed marsh; birdlife

Iceland Jökulsár Gorge . . . 1973 58 151 canyon with sheer cliff walls, waterfalls, and grassy plains; birch and willow; birdlife

Skaftafell . . . 1967 618 1,600 partly glaciated scenery, hot springs, and sand plains; heath, willow, and birch; fox

Italy Abruzzi . . . 1923 170 440 Central Apennine Range with glacial relief; beech forest; wolf, bear, chamois, and deer

Calabria . . . 1968 61 159 La Sila massif in southern Italy; pine, beech, fir, and maple forest; wolf, boar, and deer

Gran Paradiso 1836 1922 270 700 Alpine terrain of the upper Valle d'Aosta; glaciers; larch forest; ibex, chamois, and fox

Stelvio . . . 1935 573 1,483 rugged Alpine region; glaciers and larch forests; chamois, deer, ibex, and fox

Latvia Gauja . . . 1973 355 920 exposed rock in the Gauja River valley; mixed forest; elk, deer, and beaver

Lithuania Lithuanian (Aukstaitija) . . . 1974 117 303 moraines, lakes, and forest in the Aukstaiciai Highland

Macedonia Galicica . . . 1958 88 228 mountains on the Albanian border; lakes; juniper/oak forest; bear, wild goat, and deer

Mavrovo . . . 1949 282 731 Bistra and Sar mountains, lake, and gorge; beech/fir forest; bear, deer, and chamois

Pelister . . . 1948/49 48 125 mountains and glacial lakes; alpine pasture and pine forest; bear, chamois, and deer

Montenegro Durmitor . . . 1952 127 330 Durmitor massif and the Tara River Gorge; lakes; mixed forest; chamois, bear, and deer

Scutari (Skadar) Lake . . . 1983 154 400 large karst lake in the Black Mountains; birdlife

Netherlands, The De Hoge Veluwe . . . 1935 21 54 stabilized region of drifting sand; mixed woodland and lakes; deer, fox, and boar

Norway Børge Mountains 1963 1970 427 1,107 mountains, lakes, and streams; birch forest; elk, deer, fox, and wolverine

Dovre Mountains . . . 1974 99 256 mountainous plateau; birch forest, bogs, and grassland; musk ox, wild reindeer, and elk

Femundsmarka . . . 1971 151 390 low mountain plateau, moraines, and lakes; pine forest; bear, wolverine, and lynx

Gressåmoen . . . 1970 70 182 barren mountain terrain, broad valley, and lakes; spruce forest; elk, lynx, and fox

Hardanger Plateau . . . 1981 1,321 3,422 high granitic and schist plateau; Arctic and subarctic vegetation; wild reindeer and fox

Jotunheimen . . . 1980 442 1,145 high mountains, glaciers, and lakes; alpine flora; deer, wild reindeer, lynx, and fox

Northwest Spitsbergen . . . 1973 1,375 3,560 mountains and glaciers of Haakon VII Land; Arctic tundra; wild reindeer

Øvre Anar River . . . 1975 540 1,399 low undulating plateau; bogs and birch and pine forest; elk, wolverine, and wolf

Øvre Divi Valley . . . 1971 287 743 plateaus, valleys, and lakes; pine and birch forest; lynx, bear, wolf, and wolverine

Prins Karls Forland . . . 1973 247 640 mountainous island with jagged glaciated peaks west of Spitsbergen; Arctic tundra

Rago . . . 1971 64 167 rock-covered mountainous terrain and waterfalls; pine forest; lynx, elk, and wolverine

Rondane 1962 1970 224 580 mountain massif; alpine and subalpine vegetation; wild reindeer, elk, deer, and fox

South Spitsbergen . . . 1973 2,046 5,300 mountains and glaciers of Torell and Sørkapp lands; Arctic tundra

Poland Babia Góra 1924 1933 7 17 massif of the Beskid Mountains; coniferous forest; bear, lynx, deer, and wildcat

Bialowieza 1919 1932 20 53 lowland forest of the European plains; marshland; bison, elk, wild horse, and bear

Bieszczady . . . 1973 59 153 Carpathian Mountains; fir forest; bear, wolf, lynx, bison, deer, and boar

Kampinos . . . 1959 137 355 sand dunes and meadows along the Vistula River; pine woods; elk, deer, and fox

Pieniny 1921 1932 9 23 mountains cut by the ravine of the Dunajec River; fir and larch forest; deer and lynx

Slowinski . . . 1967 70 182 desertlike Baltic coast, saline lakes, and sand dunes; marsh and pine forest; deer

Tatra . . . 1955 82 212 Carpathian Mountains with lakes and caves; pine forest; chamois, bear, wolf, and deer

Portugal Peneda-Gerês . . . 1971 81 211 granite mountains and valleys; oak and pine forest; boar, deer, wolf, and wild horse

Romania Apuseni . . . 1990 146 379 karst scenery in the Apuseni Mountains; caves

Bucegi 1943 1990 138 357 Bucegi massif with rocky peaks; beech and fir forest; chamois, bear, wolf, and deer

Caliman 1971 1990 59 153 mountains

Caras Gorge 1982 1990 117 304 . . .

Ceahlau 1941 1971 66 172 mountain massif with pointed crags and waterfalls; larch forest

Cozia . . . 1966 66 171 . . .

Domogled–Cerna Valley 1932 1982 232 601 Mount Domogled; karst relief of the Cerna Valley; oak, ash, hazel, and pine forest

Nera Gorge–Beusnita 1982 1990 176 456 limestone gorge; Beusnita River basin; karst relief, caves, waterfalls, and lakes; forest

Piatra Craiului 1938 1990 57 148 limestone mountain massif; beech, spruce, and fir forest; chamois and bear

Retezat . . . 1935 210 544 Carpathian Mountains; lakes; beech, spruce, and fir forest; chamois, bear, and deer

Rodna . . . 1990 219 567 mountain massif and glacial lakes

Russia Bashkiriya 1930 1987 378 980 hilly region of the southern Urals; pine, larch, and birch forest; bear, elk, and deer

Pribaikalsky . . . 1986 1,748 4,527 southwestern coast of Lake Baikal near Irkutsk in Siberia

Samarskaya River Bend . . . 1984 517 1,340 arched bend of the Volga River skirting the Zhiguli Mountains

Sochinsky . . . 1983 734 1,900 area along the Black Sea near Sochi

Zabaikalsky . . . 1986 1,040 2,693 part of the Lake Baikal region in Siberia

Serbia Djerdap (Iron Gate) . . . 1983 245 635 deep narrow canyon of the Danube River; oak woodland

Fruska Mountain . . . 1960 98 254 low massif and surrounding plains; beech and oak forest; wildcat, deer, and boar

Sar . . . 1986 151 390 Mount Sar, mountain lakes, and river valleys; oak, beech, fir, spruce, and pine forest

Tara . . . 1981 74 192 Mount Tara, other peaks, and the deep canyon of the Drina River

Slovakia Malá Fatra 1967 1988 87 226 mountainous limestone and dolomite plateau; spruce and beech forest

Nízké Tatry . . . 1978 313 811 Low Tatra Mountains; spruce, fir, and pine forest; bear and lynx

Slovenské Raj 1964 1988 76 198 karstic landscape in the Slovakian Ore Mountains; spruce, fir, beech, and maple forest

Tatry . . . 1948 286 741 High Tatra Mountains; alpine meadow and spruce forest; chamois and bear

Slovenia Triglav 1924 1981 327 848 peak in the Julian Alps; beech and spruce forest; mountain goat, deer, and chamois

Spain Covadonga Mountains . . . 1918 65 169 limestone mountain region; beech and oak forest; chamois, wolf, bear, boar, and deer

Doñana 1963 1969 196 507 delta of the Guadalquivir River; marshland, sand dunes, and cork oak forest; birdlife

Garajonay . . . 1981 15 40 Garajonay peak on Gomera Island in the Canary Islands; dense laurel forest

Ordesa and Mount Perdido . . . 1918 60 156 Gavarnie valley in the Pyrenees; limestone cliffs, waterfalls, and caves; coniferous forest; ibex, chamois, bear, deer, boar, and fox

Teide . . . 1954 53 136 huge volcanic crater of Teide Peak on Tenerife Island in the Canary Islands; juniper

Sweden Abisko . . . 1909 30 77 Abisko River valley, mountains, and barren rock; birch scrub; elk, reindeer, and fox

Muddus . . . 1942 190 493 plateau crossed by a river valley; spruce and pine forest; elk, bear, lynx, and reindeer

Padjelanta . . . 1962 766 1,984 mountainous area of Swedish Lappland and lakes; alpine heath; elk, reindeer, and bear

Peljekaise . . . 1909 59 153 mountain massif; birch forest and alpine heath; elk, fox, reindeer, and stoat

Sarek . . . 1909 761 1,970 rocky peaks and glaciers in Swedish Lappland; birch forest; elk, fox, bear, and reindeer

Stora Sjöfallet . . . 1909 493 1,278 mountains in Swedish Lappland; lakes; pine and spruce forest; elk, reindeer, and bear

Switzerland Swiss 1909 1914 65 169 Rhaetian Alps; pine forest and alpine meadows; chamois, deer, ibex, and fox

Ukraine Karpatsky . . . 1968 49 127 Carpathian Mountains including Mount Hoverlya and lakes; forest

Shatsky . . . 1983 319 825 . . .

United Kingdom Brecon Beacons . . . 1957 522 1,351 Brecon Beacons (sandstone peaks) in Wales; wooded valleys and heather moors

Broads, The . . . 1989 117 303 shallow lakes and connecting inland waterways in England; marshes; birdlife

Dartmoor . . . 1951 365 945 rolling granite tableland fringed by oak-wooded valleys in England; heather moors

Exmoor . . . 1954 268 693 plateau along the coast in England; heather moors and deciduous forest; deer and pony

Lake District . . . 1951 885 2,292 rounded mountains and lakes in England; grassland with oak woods; deer and badger

North York Moors . . . 1952 554 1,436 plateau extending to the coast in England; wooded valleys and heather moors; deer

Northumberland . . . 1956 405 1,049 region of the Cheviot Hills in England; peat and heather moor; forest

Peak District . . . 1951 555 1,438 southern end of the Pennines (hills) in England; heather, grassland, and ash woodland

Pembrokeshire Coast . . . 1952 225 584 rocky Welsh coastline with cliffs, sandy bays, and blowholes; some woodland; seabirds

Snowdonia . . . 1951 827 2,142 glaciated mountain region in Wales; moors, oak forest, and coastal marsh; water birds

Yorkshire Dales . . . 1954 683 1,769 Pennine hill land in England; limestone scenery and moors; birdlife

North America and the Caribbean

Bahamas Exuma Cays . . . 1958 176 456 islands (cays) with sandy beaches, coral reefs, and underwater caves; birdlife

Inagua . . . 1965 287 743 Great Inagua Island; saline marsh and mangroves; flamingo

Canada Auyuittuq . . . 1976 8,290 21,471 mountains, glaciers, and fjords of Baffin Island in Northwest Territories; tundra; lemming

Banff . . . 1885 2,564 6,641 Rocky Mountains of Alberta; coniferous forest; mountain goat, bighorn, deer, and bear

Bruce Peninsula . . . 1987 104 270 Niagara Escarpment and islands in Lake Huron, Ontario; marsh and deciduous forest

Cape Breton Highlands . . . 1936 367 951 rugged coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia; heath and forest; moose and bear

Elk Island 1906 1913 75 194 rolling plains and hills in Alberta; aspen and poplar forest; bison, deer, elk, and moose

Quttinirpaaq (Ellesmere Island) . . . 1982 15,251 39,500 mountains and glaciers in Northwest Territories; tundra; musk-ox, wolf, fox, and caribou

Forillon . . . 1974 93 240 coastal cliffs and mixed forest on the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec; deer and moose

Fundy . . . 1948 80 206 hills along the Bay of Fundy in New Brunswick; mixed forest; moose, deer, and bear

Georgian Bay Islands . . . 1929 10 25 numerous islands in the Georgian Bay of Ontario; maple and beech forest; deer

Glacier . . . 1886 521 1,349 Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia; glaciers; coniferous forest; bear and deer

Grasslands . . . 1988 347 900 virgin short-grass prairie in Saskatchewan; badlands topography; pronghorn and coyote

Gros Morne . . . 1973 750 1,942 coastal hills and lakes of Newfoundland; coniferous forest; moose and caribou

Jasper . . . 1907 4,200 10,878 Rocky Mountains of Alberta; coniferous forest; mountain goat, caribou, elk, and bear

Kejimkujik . . . 1974 156 404 glacier-scarred rolling landscape and lakes in Nova Scotia; mixed forest; deer and bear

Kluane . . . 1976 8,500 22,015 mountains in Yukon Territory; glaciers; forest and tundra; Dall sheep, bear, and caribou

Kootenay . . . 1920 521 1,349 Rocky Mountains of British Columbia; spruce and fir forest; bighorn, moose, and bear

Kouchibouguac . . . 1979 92 239 maritime park in New Brunswick; coniferous forest and dune plants; waterfowl

La Mauricie . . . 1977 210 544 Laurentian Mountains in Quebec; mixed forest and lakes; moose, deer, and bear

Mingan Archipelago . . . 1984 58 151 islands in the St. Lawrence River, Quebec; moorland and coniferous forest; seal

Mount Revelstoke . . . 1914 100 260 Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia; alpine meadows; bear, caribou, and deer

Nahanni . . . 1976 1,840 4,766 canyons in Northwest Territories; boreal forest; Dall sheep, bear, and caribou

Northern Yukon . . . 1984 3,926 10,168 plain along the Beaufort Sea in Yukon Territory; Arctic tundra; caribou and bear

Pacific Rim . . . 1970 193 500 coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia; cedar rain forest; bear, deer, and cougar

Point Pelee . . . 1918 6 16 peninsula of Lake Erie in Ontario; marsh and hackberry forest; deer and raccoon

Prince Albert . . . 1927 1,496 3,875 mixed forest region (plains) in Saskatchewan; lakes; deer, wolf, bear, moose, and bison

Prince Edward Island . . . 1937 10 26 north shore of Prince Edward Island; spruce forest; fur-bearing mammals

Pukaskwa . . . 1978 725 1,878 north shore of Lake Superior in Ontario; boreal forest; caribou, deer, moose, and wolf

Riding Mountain . . . 1929 1,149 2,976 plateau and lakes in Manitoba; boreal and deciduous forest; bison, elk, moose, and wolf

St. Lawrence Islands . . . 1904 2 4 mainland and islands in the St. Lawrence River in Ontario; mixed forest; deer and fox

South Moresby . . . 1988 568 1,470 mountains on Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia; spruce forest; bear

Terra Nova . . . 1957 154 400 maritime region with spruce and fir forest in Newfoundland; bear, lynx, and moose

Waterton Lakes . . . 1895 195 505 Rocky Mountains of Alberta; coniferous forest; bison, moose, bighorn, deer, and bear

Wood Buffalo . . . 1922 17,300 44,807 plains in Alberta and Northwest Territories; boreal forest; bison, moose, deer, and bear

Yoho . . . 1886 507 1,313 Rocky Mountains of British Columbia; coniferous forest; bear, deer, moose, and elk

Costa Rica Amistad, La (Talamanca) . . . 1982 749 1,939 rugged Talamanca mountain range; montane rain forest; tapir and quetzal

Braulio Carrillo . . . 1978 177 459 two dormant volcanoes and eroded canyons; rain forest; jaguar, tapir, and deer

Chirripó . . . 1975 194 502 mountain with high barren plains, cloud forest, and glacial lakes; tapir, jaguar, and deer

Corcovado . . . 1975 211 546 Osa Peninsula; beaches, estuaries, and rain-forested hills; peccary, deer, and jaguar

Guanacaste . . . 1991 125 325 mountain range; dry tropical forest; tapir and wildcat

Rincón de la Vieja . . . 1973 54 141 volcano and the Santa María Mountains; fumeroles and mud pots; rain forest; quetzal

Santa Rosa 1966 1971 144 372 coastal beaches and salt flats; tropical dry forest; deer, peccary, monkey, and jaguar

Tortuguero . . . 1975 73 189 beach, estuary, and tropical rain forest along the Carribean coast; tapir and jaguar

Cuba Cristal Peak . . . 1930 58 150 mountains northwest of Guantánamo

Granma Landing . . . 1980 100 258 . . .

Lanier Swamp . . . . . . 100 260 marsh on Juventud Island

Sierra de Cubitas . . . . . . 100 260 . . .

Zapata Peninsula . . . . . . 676 1,750 peninsula extending into the Gulf of Batabanó

Zapata Swamp 1936 1959 193 500 marsh encompassing the northern part of Zapata Peninsula

Dominica Morne Trois Pitons . . . 1975 26 69 spikelike remains of a former volcano; fumaroles and hot springs; rain and cloud forest

Dominican Republic Armando Bermúdez 1933 1956 296 766 northern slope of the Cordillera Central; moist subtropical pine forest; boar and birdlife

Del Este . . . 1975 162 420 coastal peninsula, beaches, and Saona Island; moist subtropical forest; parrot

Haitises, Los . . . 1976 80 208 karstic formations (hills), coastal caves, and keys; moist subtropical forest; parrot

Jaraguá . . . 1983 531 1,374 saltwater Trujín (Oviedo) Lagoon and sandy beaches; spiny trees and cacti; flamingo

José del Carmen Ramírez . . . 1958 285 738 southern slope of the Cordillera Central; moist subtropical pine forest; birdlife

Monte Cristi . . . 1983 506 1,310 El Morro mesa, rocky beaches, and keys; mangroves and desert shrubland; birdlife

Sierra de Baoruco . . . 1983 309 800 high mountains; moist subtropical pine forest and dry subtropical vegetation; birdlife

Greenland Greenland . . . 1974 375,291 972,000 Arctic landscape of northeastern Greenland; interior ice cap and tundra; birdlife

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe . . . 1989 63 162 active volcano, tropical forest, and mangrove-marine coastal area; raccoon

Guatemala Lake Atitlán . . . 1955 212 548 Lake Atitlán surrounded by three volcanic peaks; birdlife

Tikal . . . 1957 222 574 ruined city of the Maya Indians; mountainous; tropical forest; deer, jaguar, and tapir

Honduras Agalta . . . 1987 253 655 mountains in eastern Honduras

Azul de Meámbar . . . 1987 77 200 mountains near Lake Yojoa

Bay Islands 1960 1979 114 294 islands in the Caribbean Sea; sandy beaches, coral reefs, and coniferous forest

Celaque . . . 1987 104 270 mountain peak; cloud forest; quetzal

Comayagua Mountains . . . 1987 69 180 . . .

Mount Azul . . . 1987 60 155 peak near the border with Guatemala

Mount Cusuco 1959 1987 69 184 mountain peak and waterfalls; tropical rain and cloud forests; jaguar, tapir, and peccary

Plátano River 1960 1980 1,351 3,500 Caribbean coastal plain; mountains; pine savanna and jungle; tapir, jaguar, and deer

Santa Bárbara . . . 1987 50 130 . . .

Yoro Mountains . . . 1987 116 300 . . .

Mexico Blanco River Canyon . . . 1938 216 559 canyon extending from the Acutzingo Mountains; tropical jungle and coniferous forest

Bosencheve . . . 1940 58 150 Lake Carmen and the slopes of the Cerro de Zacatónes; pine forest; migratory birds

Chacahua Lagoons . . . 1937 55 142 lagoons on the Oaxaca coast; beaches and tropical forest; deer, boar, and crocodile

Cofre de Perote . . . 1937 45 117 volcano (also called Nauhcampatépetl) in the Sierra Madre Oriental; pine forest

Colima Peak . . . 1936 86 222 active volcano and fumaroles; subtropical vegetation, pine forest, and high grassland

Gogorrón, El . . . 1936 97 250 Gogorrón valley enclosed by mountains; hot springs; pines and semiarid vegetation

Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl . . . 1935 99 257 two dormant volcanoes in the Sierra Nevada; snow-covered summits; pine forest

Malinche, La . . . 1938 176 457 isolated volcano in the Cordillera Neo-Volcánica; pine forest with grassland higher up

Mármoles, Los . . . 1936 90 232 Barranca de San Vicente and Cerro de Cangandó; coniferous forest

Monterrey Mountains . . . 1939 952 2,465 Sierra Madre Oriental, streams, and canyons; waterfalls and caves; pine forest

Orizaba Peak . . . 1937 76 198 isolated volcano (also called Citlaltépetl); snow-capped with pine forest on its slopes

Sierra de San Pedro Mártir . . . 1947 243 630 San Pedro Mártir mountain ridge and streams in Baja California; pine forest; deer, coyote, and puma

Sumidero Canyon . . . 1980 84 218 deep canyon of the Grijalva River, there impounded by Chicoasén Dam; birdlife

Tancítaro Peak . . . 1940 113 293 old volcano with overhanging lava fragments around its base; pine forest on its slopes

Tepozteco, El . . . 1957 93 240 archaeological zone of Tlahuica with the Tepozteco pyramid; mountainous

Toluca Peak . . . 1936 197 510 dormant snow-capped volcano; two lakes in its crater; pine forest

Zoquiapan and Anexas . . . 1937 75 194 mountainous terrain, canyons, and streams; high-elevation pine forest

Nicaragua Saslaya . . . 1971 58 150 complex of old volcanic peaks; dense tropical rain forest and cloud forest; monkey

Panama Altos de Campana 1966 1977 19 48 mountainous area with Pacific and Caribbean biological elements; evergreen rain forest

Amistad, La . . . 1988 799 2,070 mountainous region on the border with Costa Rica; tropical rain forest

Barú Volcano . . . 1976 54 140 an old eroded volcano and mountains; tropical forest; quetzal

Cerro Hoya . . . 1984 126 326 southwestern tip of the Azuero Peninsula

Chagres . . . 1984 498 1,290 river valley

Darién . . . 1980 2,236 5,790 mountains on the border with Colombia; tropical rain forest; jaguar, tapir, and anteater

Portobelo . . . 1976 134 348 coastline with islands, bays, and swamps; mangroves and tropical forest

Soberanía . . . 1980 85 221 eastern bank of the Panama Canal with rolling hills; lowland tropical rain forest

United States Acadia 1916 1919 60 156 Mount Desert Island and granite coastal mountains in Maine; mixed forest; deer

Arches 1929 1971 113 293 eroded limestone arches and pinnacles in Utah; desert flora; deer, coyote, and fox

Badlands 1929 1978 380 984 barren spires, buttes, and gullies in South Dakota; grassland with bison and bighorn

Big Bend 1935 1944 1,106 2,866 mountains and canyons along the Rio Grande in Texas; arid grassland; deer and coyote

Biscayne 1968 1980 162 419 tropical islands and coral reef along Florida; mangrove shoreline and bay community

Black Canyon of the Gunnison 1933 1999 48 124 steep river canyon in western Colorado; pine, juniper, and scrub oak; Peregrine falcon, mule deer

Bryce Canyon 1923 1924 56 144 eroded pinnacles, walls, and spires of rock in Utah; sagebrush and pine forest; deer

Canyonlands . . . 1964 527 1,365 canyons of eroded standing rocks in Utah; pine and grassland; deer and coyote

Capitol Reef 1937 1971 378 979 cliff of coloured sandstone with rock towers in Utah; desert vegetation and pine

Carlsbad Caverns 1923 1930 73 189 caves with limestone formations and large underground chambers in New Mexico; bats

Channel Islands 1938 1980 1,566 4,055 five islands off the southern California coast; unique plants; seal, sea lion, and seabirds

Congaree 1974 2003 38 98 old-growth floodplain forest of southeastern South Carolina; pine, hickory, and bald cypress; mammals, birds and bats, reptiles

Crater Lake . . . 1902 286 742 caldera lake in the Cascade Range in Oregon; pine forest; deer, bear, and coyote

Death Valley 1933 1994 5,193 13,451 desert and wilderness region in southeastern California and southwestern Nevada; juniper, pine, and mahogany; desert bighorn and mule deer

Denali . . . 1917 7,380 19,115 Mount McKinley in Alaska; glaciers; spruce forest; caribou, Dall sheep, moose, and bear

Dry Tortugas 1935 1992 96 249 seven islands in the Gulf of Mexico west of the Florida Keys; coral reef; sea turtles

Everglades 1934 1947 2,289 5,929 subtropical saw grass swamp in Florida; mangrove forest; cougar, deer, and alligator

Gates of the Arctic 1978 1980 11,350 29,397 mountains of the Brooks Range in Alaska; coniferous forest; bear, caribou, and moose

Glacier . . . 1910 1,584 4,101 peaks, glaciers, and lakes in Montana; coniferous forest; bighorn, moose, and bear

Glacier Bay 1925 1980 5,037 13,046 tidewater glaciers in Alaska; temperate rain forest; bear, mountain goat, whale, and seal

Grand Canyon 1893 1919 1,905 4,934 huge chasm of the Colorado River in Arizona; desert vegetation; coyote and deer

Grand Teton . . . 1929 479 1,241 mountain range in Wyoming; spruce and pine forest; elk, moose, deer, and bear

Great Basin 1922 1986 120 311 Snake Range, a remnant ice field, and limestone caves in Nevada; forest

Great Sand Dunes 1932 2004 69 179 sand dunes surrounding mountain watershed, wilderness, grasslands, and shrublands in south-central Colorado; wildflowers

Great Smoky Mountains 1926 1934 808 2,092 mountains in Tennessee and North Carolina; hardwood forest; deer, bear, and wildcat

Guadalupe Mountains 1966 1972 121 314 mountains rising from the desert in Texas; scrub and pine; deer, bighorn, and puma

Haleakala 1916 1960 45 117 dormant volcano (Haleakala Crater) on Maui, Hawaii; alpine desert vegetation; birdlife

Hawaii Volcanoes 1916 1961 355 920 active volcanoes (Kilauea and Mauna Loa) on Hawaii; tropical rain forest; birdlife

Hot Springs 1832 1921 9 23 thermal springs in Arkansas; oak, pine, and hickory woodland; rabbit, skunk, and fox

Isle Royale . . . 1940 833 2,157 wilderness island in Lake Superior, Michigan; mixed forest; wolf, moose, and coyote

Joshua Tree 1936 1994 1,204 3,118 desert in southern California; Joshua trees, cacti, and wildflowers; birdlife

Katmai 1918 1980 5,810 15,048 Aleutian Mountains and coast of the Alaskan Peninsula; boreal forest and tundra; bear

Kenai Fjords 1978 1980 1,047 2,713 coastal fjords and Harding Icefield in Alaska; rain forest; sea lion, sea otter, and seal

Kings Canyon . . . 1940 722 1,871 canyons and peaks of the Sierra Nevada in California; giant sequoias; bear and deer

Kobuk Valley . . . 1980 2,735 7,085 valley of the Kobuk River in Alaska; boreal forest; caribou, bear, wolf, and moose

Lake Clark 1978 1980 4,127 10,688 glacial lake in the Chigmit Mountains of Alaska; forest and tundra; caribou and bear

Lassen Volcanic 1907 1916 167 433 Lassen Peak, hot springs, and mud pots in California; coniferous forest; deer and bear

Mammoth Cave 1926 1934 79 205 Mammoth Cave system and hilly country in Kentucky; hardwood forest; bats

Mesa Verde . . . 1906 80 208 mesa with Indian cliff dwellings in Colorado; pine and juniper forest; deer and bear

Mount Rainier . . . 1899 368 953 ancient volcano and its glacial system in Washington; coniferous forest; deer and bear

North Cascades . . . 1968 789 2,043 mountain region with snowfields and glaciers in Washington; lush forest

Olympic 1909 1938 1,443 3,712 mountains in Washington; glaciers; hemlock and spruce rain forest; elk, deer, and bear

Petrified Forest 1906 1962 146 379 petrified trees and the Painted Desert of Arizona; dry shrubland; pronghorn and coyote

Redwood . . . 1968 164 424 scenic Pacific coastline in California; groves of ancient redwood trees

Rocky Mountain . . . 1915 415 1,075 peaks, valleys, and lakes in Colorado; pine and fir forest; elk, deer, bighorn, and bear

Saguaro 1933 1994 137 354 desert area in southeastern Arizona; saguaro cacti; birdlife and reptiles

Sequoia . . . 1890 630 1,631 Sierra Nevada range in California; giant sequoia trees; deer, bear, and bighorn

Shenandoah 1926 1935 328 849 Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia; hardwood (oak) forest; deer, bear, bobcat, and fox

Theodore Roosevelt 1947 1978 109 282 badlands along the Little Missouri River in North Dakota; grassland; bison and coyote

Virgin Islands . . . 1956 20 52 islands with hills, beaches, and valleys in southeastern U.S. Virgin Islands; coral reefs and mangroves; spiny sea urchin and lizards

Voyageurs 1971 1975 339 878 streams and lakes in the North Woods of Minnesota; fir, spruce, and pine; beaver

Wind Cave . . . 1903 43 112 limestone caverns in the Black Hills of South Dakota; prairie grassland; bison

Wolf Trap 0.2 0.5 outdoor performing arts centre in north-central Virginia; woodland and wetland; oak and hickory; foxes and groundhogs

Wrangell–St. Elias 1978 1980 13,058 33,820 high peaks and glaciers in Alaska; coniferous forest; caribou, bear, wolf, and moose

Yellowstone . . . 1872 3,472 8,991 mountains, waterfalls, and geysers in Wyoming; pine forest; bear, deer, and pronghorn

Yosemite 1864 1890 1,190 3,083 granite peaks, domes, and waterfalls in California; coniferous forest; deer and bear

Zion 1909 1919 229 593 Zion River canyon in the Utah desert; cactus, pine, and juniper; deer and coyote

South America

Argentina Baritú . . . 1974 55 143 subtropical mountain rain forest; Bermejo River; sloth, jaguar, and porcupine

Calilegua . . . 1980 93 240 Calilegua Mountains; subtropical rain forest; deer, jaguar, and monkey

Chaco 1935 1954 27 71 broad plateau; savanna, marsh, and humid forest; wolf, tapir, deer, and rhea

El Ray . . . 1948 55 143 Chaco plains and Andean woodland; tapir, jaguar, and anteater

Iguazú 1909 1934 201 520 basaltic plateau and Iguazú (Iguaçu) Falls; subtropical rain forest; jaguar and monkey

Lanín 1937 1937 550 1,426 dormant Lanín volcano and lakes; evergreen forest; otter, opossum, and fox

Los Alerces . . . 1937 176 455 montane forests of larch (alerces); lakes and glaciers; puma, deer, fox, and monkey

Los Glaciares . . . 1937 625 1,618 Andean-Patagonian zone with glaciers, lakes, and forest; guanaco, chinchilla, and deer

Nahuel Huapí 1903 1934 1,437 3,721 Lake Nahuel Huapí in the Andes; glaciers and evergreen forest; deer, puma, and fox

Perito Moreno . . . 1937 26 67 southern Andes with lakes, glaciers, and forest; guanaco, deer, fox, and condor

Pilcomayo River . . . 1951 108 280 plain of the Pilcomayo and Paraguay rivers; subtropical forest; wolf, anteater, and tapir

Puelo Lake 1937 1971 45 117 Andes Mountains and Puelo Lake; mixed humid forest; deer, fox, and nutria

Tierra del Fuego . . . 1960 133 345 remote mountainous and coastal region; beech forest; guanaco, sea lion, and penguin

Bolivia Amboró . . . 1973 695 1,800 sub-Andean mountains, Amazon basin, and Chaco; forest; jaguar and peccary

Carrasco Ichilo . . . 1988 5,019 13,000 . . .

Isiboro-Sécure . . . 1965 4,247 11,000 slopes of the Andes and nearby plains; rain forest and savanna; deer, tapir, and jaguar

Noel Kempf Mercado (Huanchaca) . . . 1979 3,529 9,140 extensive mesa of the Brazilian Shield; waterfalls; humid subtropical forest; jaguar, bear, peccary, and armadillo

Sajama . . . 1939 115 299 snow-covered volcano and hot springs; grassland and forest; vicuña, jackal, and rhea

Santa Cruz la Vieja . . . 1989 66 171 . . .

Torotoro . . . 1989 64 166 sedimentary rock formations with dinosaur tracks in the Cordillera Real

Brazil Amazônia (Tapajós) . . . 1974 3,838 9,940 Tapajós River plain in Pará and Amazonas states; rain forest; caiman, anteater, and jaguar

Araguaia . . . 1959 2,171 5,623 Bananal Island in the Araguaia River in Tocantins state; rain forest; jaguar and deer

Brasília . . . 1961 108 280 highland plateau with tree savanna in the Distrito Federal; wolf, deer, anteater, and rhea

Caparaó . . . 1961 100 260 Caparaó Mountains in Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais states; rain forest; monkey and cavy

Cape Orange . . . 1980 2,390 6,190 marine and riverside flats in Amapá state; mangroves and tropical forest; flamingo

Diamantina Upland . . . 1985 587 1,520 mountainous country in Bahia state; waterfalls and large caves; monkey

Dos Abrolhos Marine . . . 1983 353 913 five small islands and several coral reefs in Bahia state; wild goat, whale, and birdlife

Emas . . . 1961 509 1,319 grassy plains and woody savanna in Goiás state; deer, anteater, rhea, and armadillo

Grande Sertão River . . . 1989 324 840 swampy plains and hills in Minas Gerais state; palms; wolf, armadillo, and rhea

Guimarães Upland . . . 1989 127 330 rock formations, canyons, and waterfalls in Mato Grosso state; forest

Iguaçu . . . 1939 656 1,700 Iguaçu Falls in Paraná state; subtropical rain forest; otter, jaguar, and deer

Itatiaia . . . 1937 116 300 Mantiqueira Mountains in Rio de Janeiro state; tropical rain forest; jaguar and sloth

Jaú . . . 1980 8,772 22,720 Negro River flats and tableland in Amazonas state; tropical rain forest; jaguar

Lençóis Maranhenses . . . 1981 598 1,550 dunes region of the Atlantic coast in Maranhão state; lakes and mangroves; seabirds

Mount Pascoal . . . 1961 87 225 coastal dunes and lagoons in Bahia state; tropical rain forest; sloth, peccary, and jaguar

Neblina Peak . . . 1979 8,494 22,000 Amazon-Orinoco interfluvial plateau in Amazonas state; tropical forest; monkey

Pacaás Novos . . . 1979 2,953 7,648 flat-topped, steep-sided mountains in Rondônia state; tropical forest; jaguar and tapir

Pantanal Mato-Grossense . . . 1981 521 1,350 Paraguay River plain in Mato Grosso state; marsh and woodland; deer and tapir

Peixe Lake . . . 1986 133 344 coastal lake in Rio Grande do Sul state; migratory birds

São Joaquim . . . 1961 190 493 dissected Brazilian plateau in Santa Catarina state; grassland and pine forest; deer

Serra da Bocaina . . . 1971 386 1,000 island and coastal plateau in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states; rain forest; jaguar

Serra da Canastra . . . 1972 276 715 rocky plateau in Minas Gerais state; grassland; wolf, anteater, rhea, and deer

Serra da Capivara . . . 1979 378 979 plain with eroded tableland in Piauí state; dense brush; ocelot, bush dog, and cavy

Serra do Cipó . . . 1984 131 338 mountains and waterfalls in Minas Gerais state; grassland; wolf, monkey, and anteater

Serra do Divisor . . . 1989 2,336 6,050 hills and floodplains of the Juruá River in Acre state; tropical rain forest

Veadeiros Upland . . . 1961 232 600 plains with exposed rock in Goiás state; waterfalls; grassland; deer, wolf, and peccary

Chile Alberto de Agostini . . . 1965 5,637 14,600 mountains with glaciers extending to the ocean; steppe and scattered trees; seal

Alerce Andino 1912 1982 152 393 granite massif with lakes and waterfalls; coniferous (alerce) forest

Bernardo O'Higgins . . . 1969 13,614 35,259 coastal islands, mountains, lakes, and a huge ice field; tundra, steppe, and forest

Cape Horn . . . 1945 244 631 rocky islands at the southern tip of Chile; thick low trees; otter, sea lion, and seal

Chiloé . . . 1982 166 431 mountainous Pacific coast of Chiloé Island; temperate rain forest; sea lion and seal

Conguillío . . . 1950 235 608 Andes with an active volcano, lava flows, and lakes; mixed woodland; deer and puma

Fray Jorge . . . 1941 39 100 mountainous coastal complex; relict subtropical forest in semiarid steppe; fox and puma

Hornopirén . . . 1988 186 482 volcano near the Reloncaví Fjord

Isluga Volcano . . . 1967 675 1,747 volcano and salt flats in the Andean tableland of the Atacama Plateau; guanaco

Juan Fernández . . . 1935 35 91 islands off the Chilean coast; volcanic hills and coastal cliffs; palms and giant ferns; seal

Lauca 1965 1970 532 1,379 high arid Andean plateau and lakes; cacti and steppe; flamingo, guanaco, and puma

Magdalena Island . . . 1983 608 1,576 forested island in southern Chile

Pan de Azúcar . . . 1986 169 438 Atacama coastal desert; cacti; guanaco and penguin

Puyehue . . . 1941 413 1,070 Andes in Chile's Lake District; hot springs; temperate rain forest; deer, fox, and coypu

Queulat . . . 1983 595 1,541 mountains, Colgado glacier, and Cóndor waterfalls

Rapa Nui (Easter Island) . . . 1935 25 64 Easter Island in the Pacific; grasslands; giant stone statues in human form

San Rafael Lake . . . 1959 6,726 17,420 San Rafael Lake (fjord) and glacier in Patagonia; forest and tundra; puma, fox, and seal

Simpson River . . . 1967 158 408 high mountains, narrow valleys, Simpson River, and waterfalls; forest; huemul

Torres del Paine . . . 1959 712 1,844 tablelands, crags, glaciers, and lakes in Patagonia; scrub vegetation; guanaco and fox

Vicente Pérez Rosales . . . 1926 874 2,263 series of Andean volcanoes, waterfalls, and Todos los Santos Lake; evergreen forest

Villarrica . . . 1940 236 610 chain of three volcanoes (including active Villarrica); araucaria forest; deer

Colombia Amaca-Yacú . . . 1975 1,131 2,930 hills, plains, and swamps of the Amazon; tropical rain forest; jaguar, monkey, and otter

Cahuinari . . . 1987 2,222 5,755 Amazon region

Cali Headlands 1961 1968 579 1,500 high mountain group near the Pacific Ocean; subtropical forest; bear

Catatumbo-Bari . . . 1989 610 1,581 . . .

Chingaza 1968 1977 195 504 Cordillera Oriental; tropical montane forest; bear, deer, coati, and monkey

Chiribiquete . . . 1989 4,942 12,800 mountain range

Cocuy, El . . . 1977 1,181 3,060 Cordillera Oriental; subtropical forest; coati, bear, and wildcat

Corales del Rosario . . . 1977 75 195 coral reef in the Caribbean Sea; mangroves on Barú Island; marine life

Cordillera Los Picachos . . . 1977 1,695 4,390 mountain divide between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers; humid subtropical forest; tapir

Gorgona Island . . . 1984 190 492 mountainous (volcanic) Gorgona and Goronilla islands; coral reefs; rain forest

Hermosas, Las . . . 1977 483 1,250 rugged mountains with small lakes; palm and fir forest; tapir, bear, and deer

Katíos, Los . . . 1973 278 720 Darién hills and swampy plateau; subtropical rain forest; tapir, otter, and jaguar

Macuira . . . 1977 97 250 mountainous peninsula in the Caribbean Sea; dry montane and cloud forests; monkey

Munchique . . . 1977 171 444 Cordillera Occidental; mountain and tropical rain forest; deer and puma

Nevado del Huila . . . 1977 610 1,580 active volcano and high barren plain; cloud forest; tapir, deer, bear, and monkey

Nevados, Los 1959 1973 147 380 snow-capped volcanic peaks of the central Andes; palm forest; bear, tapir, and deer

Orquídeas, Las . . . 1974 124 320 Cordillera Occidental with rivers and steep gorges; mountain rain forest; birdlife

Paramillo . . . 1977 1,776 4,600 mountainous region including the Paramillo massif; humid subtropical forest; tapir

Paya, La . . . 1984 1,629 4,220 stretch along the Putumayo River between Puerto Asís and Puerto Leguízamo

Picachos, Los . . . 1977 1,695 4,390 rugged branch of the Cordillera Oriental; humid forest; tapir and condor

Pisba . . . 1977 174 450 Cordillera Oriental; mixed forest; bear and deer

Puracé 1961 1968 320 830 Almaguer Massif of the Andes; active volcano; forest and grassland; bear and deer

Salamanca Island 1964 1969 81 210 island with mangrove swamps in the Magdalena River estuary; crocodile and manatee

Sanquianga . . . 1977 309 800 island and adjacent Pacific shore; hills, mangrove swamp, and sandy beaches

Serranía de la Macarena 1948 1971 2,432 6,300 isolated mountain range; gorges and rock domes; tropical forest; deer, bear, and tapir

Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta . . . 1959 1,479 3,830 mountain massif near the Caribbean seacoast; arid foothills, lowland tropical forest, cloud forest, and glaciers; deer, puma, jaguar, and anteater

Sumapaz 1968 1977 595 1,540 mountain massif, high barren plain, and cloud forest; tapir, bear, and condor

Tamá . . . 1977 185 480 undulating terrain; humid forest; bear, monkey, and otter

Tatamá . . . 1987 210 543 . . .

Tayrona . . . 1964 58 150 Caribbean beaches, coastal woodlands, foothills, and cloud forest; monkey and deer

Tinigua . . . 1989 779 2,018 . . .

Tuparro, El . . . 1970 2,116 5,480 savanna along the Orinoco River; woodland and swamp; jaguar, tapir, and otter

Utría . . . 1987 210 543 . . .

Ecuador Cotopaxi . . . 1975 129 334 Cotopaxi volcano (active) in the Andes; mountain grassland; deer, wolf, puma, and fox

Galápagos . . . 1959 2,678 6,937 islands off the coast of Ecuador; unique flora and fauna (tortoise, finch, and iguana)

Machalilla . . . 1979 212 550 coastal beaches, cliffs, and islands; tropical forest; deer, peccary, and armadillo

Podocarpus . . . 1982 565 1,463 part of the Andes Mountains near Loja; cloud forest; bear and birdlife

Sangay . . . 1975 1,999 5,177 mountains of the Andes, active volcano, and tropical rain forest; tapir, puma, and jaguar

Yasuní . . . 1979 3,793 9,823 land along the Yasuní River in the Amazon basin; tropical rain forest; jaguar and puma

Guyana Kaieteur . . . 1929 226 586 mesas, gorges, and Kaieteur Falls; rain forest and savanna; jaguar, capybara, and tapir

Paraguay Defensores del Chaco . . . 1975 3,012 7,800 northern Gran Chaco (plains); semiarid thorn forest; peccary, jaguar, and armadillo

Teniente Encisco . . . 1980 154 400 northwestern Gran Chaco (plains); semiarid palm forest; peccary, capybara, and deer

Tinfunqué . . . 1966 1,081 2,800 permanent and seasonal palm marsh (wet Chaco) along the Pilcomayo River; birdlife

Ybytyruzú . . . 1990 93 240 mountains

Ypacaraí . . . 1990 62 160 lake

Peru Abiseo River . . . 1983 1,060 2,745 steep mountain slopes of the Andes and broad valleys; rain forest; bear

Amotape Mountains . . . 1975 353 913 Amotape Mountains on Peru's northern coast; thorn woodland; deer and peccary

Huascarán . . . 1975 1,313 3,400 peak of the Andes Mountains; montane moist forest; vicuña, deer, and bear

Manú 1968 1973 5,918 15,328 area of the Amazon basin (Manú River); tropical rain forest; bear, deer, and jaguar

Tingo María 1950 1965 69 180 range of hills; humid subtropical forest; cave in which guacharos (oilbirds) nest

Yanachaga-Chemillén . . . 1986 471 1,220 central Amazon basin near Lima; tropical rain forest; armadillo

Uruguay Franklin D. Roosevelt . . . 1915 6 15 area of dunes and irrigation channels; swamp and eucalyptus, pine, and ash; nutria

Venezuela Aguaro-Guariquito . . . 1974 2,262 5,858 central llanos (plains); savanna and gallery forest; capybara, monkey, deer, and jaguar

Avila, El . . . 1958 329 852 mountains along the Caribbean coast; savanna and montane forest; puma and deer

Batallón and La Negra Uplands . . . 1989 368 952 alpine (paramo) areas in the Cordillera de Mérida

Canaima . . . 1962 11,583 30,000 colossal buttes; Angel Falls; savanna and rain forest; jaguar, tapir, deer, and peccary

Cinaruco-Capanaparo . . . 1988 2,256 5,844 tributaries to the Orinoco River and llanos (plains)

Dinira . . . 1988 162 420 . . .

Duida-Marahuaca . . . 1978 811 2,100 vertical tabletop mountains; tropical rain forest; jaguar, tapir, and monkey

Guácharo, El . . . 1975 242 627 Guácharo Cave and mountains; tropical rain forest; oilbirds living in the cave

Guaramacal . . . 1988 81 210 . . .

Guatopo . . . 1958 473 1,225 granitic mountain region; tropical rain forest; jaguar, deer, tapir, peccary, and sloth

Henri Pittier . . . 1937 413 1,070 Cordillera de la Costa of the Caribbean; savanna and wet montane forest; birdlife

Jaua-Sarisarinama . . . 1978 1,274 3,300 sandstone tableland (mesa) with deep collapsed chasms; tropical rain forest

Macarao . . . 1973 58 150 Caribbean coastal cordillera; savanna and wet montane forest; deer, wild hog, and fox

Médanos de Coro . . . 1974 353 913 extensive sand dunes along the Caribbean coast; desert plants; lizard and iguana

Mochima . . . 1973 366 949 mountainous Caribbean coast; dry and humid tropical forest; deer, armadillo, and jaguar

Morrocoy . . . 1974 124 321 Caribbean coast with islands and salt flats; mangroves and palms; birdlife and deer

Neblina Mountain Range . . . 1978 5,251 13,600 southern mountains and the Baria River canyon; tropical rain forest; tapir and jaguar

Paria Peninsula . . . 1978 145 375 Caribbean peninsula; dry coastal vegetation and evergreen forest; birdlife

Perijá . . . 1978 1,140 2,953 Motilones Mountains; rain forest and alpine (paramo) areas; monkey, bear, and agouti

Restinga Lagoon, La . . . 1974 73 189 portion of Margarita Island; beaches and mangrove forest; sea birds

Roques Islands, Los . . . 1972 854 2,211 atoll with numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea; mangrove and cacti; seabirds

San Esteban . . . 1987 168 435 Caribbean coastal cordillera

Sierra de San Luis . . . 1987 77 200 mountain ridge south of Coro

Sierra Nevada . . . 1952 1,067 2,764 western Andes with glacial lakes; tropical forest and pines; deer, bear, and tapir

Tacarigua Lagoon . . . 1974 151 391 lagoon and beaches on the Caribbean Sea; mangrove and tropical dry forest; flamingo

Tamá, El . . . 1978 537 1,390 alpine (paramo) areas in the Andes Mountains; humid forest; bear, tapir, and agouti

Terepaima . . . 1976 72 187 Sierra de Portuguesa; cloud forest; jaguar, bear, agouti, monkey, and deer

Yacambú . . . 1962 56 146 Sierra de Portuguesa with a fumarole; deciduous and cloud forest; deer

Yapacana . . . 1978 1,236 3,200 tabletop mountain rising from the surrounding plains; tropical rain forest and savanna

Yurubí . . . 1960 92 237 rugged terrain along the Yaracuy and Aroa rivers; forest and savanna; deer and wildcat