city, southwestern Ukraine. It is approximately 56 miles (90 km) southeast of Lviv and is on the Ivano-Frankivsk–Stryy rail line. The existence of Kalush was first mentioned in the 13th century. It grew for a time in the 19th century as a result of salt mining and expanded in the 20th century because of local chemical production. Other industries have included food processing, clothing manufacture, and concrete production. Pop. (2001) 67,902; (2005 est.) 67,389.