city, east-central Haryana (Haryāna) state, northwestern India. It lies along the west bank of the Yamuna River and is just east of the Western Yamuna Canal. The name is said to be derived from that of Karma, a warrior in the ancient epic poem Mahabharata and the town's legendary founder. Connected by road and rail with Delhi (south) and Amritsar (northwest), Karnal is an important trade centre for grain, salt, metal, and cotton. Its industries include vegetable-oil and saltpetre refining, liquor and perfume distilling, and light manufacturing. A horse fair is held annually. Of historical interest is the marble tomb built by Emperor Ghiyās al-Dīn of Ghūr in the 12th century. Constituted a municipality in 1867, Karnal has two hospitals, a dairy science institute, and several colleges affiliated with Kurukshetra University (1956). Pop. (2001) 207,640.