Indian social reformer and educator, noted for supporting the education of women and for organizing associations for the remarriage of Hindu widows.

While an instructor in mathematics (1891–1914) at Fergusson College, Poona, Karve became concerned with breaking down orthodox Hindu opposition to widow remarriage, and he established the Widow Marriage Association in 1893. In the same year, he shocked public opinion by himself marrying a widow; his first wife had died in 1891. Karve also founded (1896) an educational institution, Hindu Widows Home, in Poona, to help widows support themselves if they could not remarry.

Karve became increasingly concerned with illiteracy among women, and on his retirement from Fergusson College he started Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University in 1916. He later widened his social reform efforts to include the establishment of societies for village primary education and the abolition of caste. Karve's autobiography was entitled Atmavritta (1915). On his 100th birthday he was awarded India's highest honour, the Bharat Ratna (“Gem of India”).