British novelist and short-story writer known for her semiautobiographical surreal fiction dealing with the themes of mental breakdown and self-destruction.

She was born into a wealthy family and traveled widely as a child. Under the name Helen Ferguson she wrote six novels, most notably Let Me Alone (1930), a portrait of a troubled woman in a violent marriage. Ferguson legally changed her name to Anna Kavan, the name she had given to the heroine of Let Me Alone and A Stranger Still (1935). After her second divorce Kavan entered various mental institutions, and by World War II she was a registered heroin addict in England.

Kavan received critical acclaim for a series of sketches called Asylum Piece (1940), which she followed with the novel Change the Name (1941), the short-story collection I Am Lazarus (1945), and the autobiographical The House of Sleep (1947). Her reputation declined after the war until the publication of Who Are You? (1963), a disturbing novel about a nightmarish marriage, and Ice (1967), a surreal novel about a man in pursuit of a woman across a frozen wilderness. Two collections appeared after her heroin-related death: Julia and the Bazooka (1970) and My Soul in China (1975).