city, seat (1907) of Jackson county, southwestern Oklahoma, U.S. The original settlement of Frazier (1886), near Bitter Creek (Salt Fork of the Red River) on the Great Western cattle trail, was subject to flooding; it was renamed Altus (Latin: “high”) in 1891, after it was moved to the present site on higher ground 4 miles (6 km) east. Demand for agricultural products, especially cotton, stimulated the city's growth during World War I, but during the Great Depression and drought in the 1930s Altus became part of Oklahoma's Dust Bowl. The nearby W.C. Austin Reclamation Project (the state's first large irrigation project, completed in 1948) restored the region's basic agricultural economy (cotton, cattle, and wheat). Altus Reservoir, the project's chief unit, impounded on the North Fork of the Red River by Lugert Dam, lies within Quartz Mountain State Park, 18 miles (29 km) north. Oil fields lie to the northwest. The city is the site of Western Oklahoma State College (1926) and Altus Air Force Base. The Museum of the Western Prairie houses American Indian and pioneer artifacts. Inc. town, 1901; city, 1919. Pop. (1990) 21,910; (2000) 21,447.