American academician and administrator who gained particular prominence when she became the first woman president of Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.

Keohane received her undergraduate degree from Wellesley (Massachusetts) College (Wellesley College) in 1961. She studied for the next two years in England at the University of Oxford, where she earned a second bachelor's degree. After completing her doctorate in political science at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1967, she taught at Swarthmore (Pennsylvania) College (1967–73) and Stanford (California) University (1973–81). In 1981 she was appointed president of Wellesley College, where she held a concurrent appointment as professor of political science.

In 1993 Keohane left Wellesley to become president and professor of political science at Duke University. Her presidency of a major women's college followed by a similar appointment at a major research university led to her induction in 1995 into the National Women's Hall of Fame, which also cited her efforts to increase minority student enrollment and improve faculty diversity. She is the author of Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment (1980) and coeditor of Feminist Theory: A Critique of Ideology (1982). A book of Keohane's selected speeches, A Community Worthy of the Name, was published in 1995.