city, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo). It lies near the Zilo Gorges of the Lualaba River (a tributary of the Congo) on the Lubumbashi-Lobito road and rail line and also has air transport facilities to Lubumbashi. Mineral deposits in the area were mined by the local population before the Belgians arrived in the 19th century. Industrialization started around 1901, followed by the establishment in 1906 of the mining company, Union Minière du Haut Katanga (now Gécamines), and the city became a copper-mining centre. In 1978 Kolwezi and its airfield were attacked by Shaba rebels based in Angola, and the mines were flooded. Pop. (2004 est.) 456,446.