town, southwestern Orissa state, eastern India. The town is located at an elevation above 3,000 feet (900 metres) in the Eastern Ghats mountain range just east-southeast of Jeypore. Most of the people of the surrounding area live in tribal communities and are engaged in agriculture; rice, sugarcane, and oilseeds are the biggest crops. The region also has rich mineral deposits, including aluminum ore, manganese, and limestone. The Gupteshwar limestone cave temple on Ramgiri Hill and the Duduma and Bagra waterfalls are nearby. The area was under the Chola kings in the 10th and 11th centuries; later it was part of Madras (now Chennai), before being included in the new Orissa province in 1936. Pop. (2001) 39,548.