city, capital and chief port of Sarawak, East Malaysia, on northwestern Borneo. The city was founded in 1839 by James (later Sir James) Brooke, who also founded the Brooke Raj and became ruler of Sarawak. He built the city's first European-style house on the jungled southern bank of the muddy, crocodile-infested Sarawak River, 15 miles (24 km) from the South China Sea. Now a busy administrative centre, Kuching is populated mainly by Chinese, although Malays, Bidayuh (Land Dayaks), and Iban (Sea Dayaks) live on its outskirts. Kuching exports rubber, pepper, and sago flour and has a seaport and an airport.

Its Sarawak Museum (1891), set in scenic gardens, has exhibits of ancient Bornean culture. The main government buildings include the Astana (“Palace”; 1870) and Supreme Court (1874). The region's heterogeneous quality is reflected in Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals and numerous mosques and Buddhist temples. Kuching contains a teacher-training college and an engineering college. Tourists frequent the nearby Bidayuh Longhouse, the seaside resort of Santubong, and Bako National Park. Pop. urban area (2000 est.) 423,873.