American linguist, best known as the chief editor of the Linguistic Atlas of New England, the first comprehensive linguistic atlas of a large region.

Kurath emigrated from Austria to the United States in 1907 and became a citizen in 1912. He studied at the University of Texas (A.B., 1914) and the University of Chicago (Ph.D., 1920). He taught German at Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.; 1920–27), German and linguistics at Ohio State University (Columbus; 1927–31) and at Brown University (Providence, R.I.; 1931–46), and English and linguistics at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (1946–62). His wife was the noted ethnomusicologist Gertrude Prokosch Kurath.

Kurath's career centred mainly on American English dialects. In addition to having edited the Linguistic Atlas of New England, 3 vol. (1939–43), he wrote the Handbook of the Linguistic Geography of New England (1939, rev. ed. 1973), A Word Geography of the Eastern United States (1949), and The Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States (1961). From 1946 to 1962 he was also editor in chief of the Middle English Dictionary.