German traveler whose writings are a valuable source of information on 17th-century Iran and Japan.

At Uppsala, Swed., Kämpfer joined a trade mission to Russia and Iran and then went on to visit Batavia, Java (now Jakarta), where in 1690 he joined a Dutch trade mission to Japan. Remaining for two years, he saw more of the country and collected more information than any other European before him. Kämpfer returned to Europe in 1694. His account of Japan, Geschichte und Beschreibung von Japan (1777–79; “History and Description of Japan”), was first published in English (The History of Japan, 1727) after his death and appeared in the original German only after additional translations into Latin, Dutch, and French had already appeared. Kämpfer's manuscripts are in the British Museum.