American anthropologist, short-story writer, and novelist who acted as a spokesman for the American Indian through his political actions and his fiction.

At Harvard University La Farge pursued his interest in American Indian culture, specializing in anthropology and archaeological research. Although highly respected in this field, he abandoned his studies to publicize the Indians' dilemma, serving as president of the National Association on Indian Affairs (1933–37) and as president of the Association on American Indian Affairs (1937–42, 1946–63). La Farge rejected the popular sentimental image of the Indian in contemporary literature and countered it in his own writing. His first novel, Laughing Boy (1929; film version 1934), is a poetic but realistic story of the clash of two cultures; it was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1929. La Farge's novels have been called lyrical, yet they are always based on social awareness. Sparks Fly Upward (1931) is set in Central America, while The Enemy Gods (1937) centres on the inability of the Navajo to adapt to white civilization. Long Pennant (1933) and The Copper Pot (1942) have New Englanders as their main characters. La Farge's short stories were collected in All the Young Men (1935) and A Pause in the Desert (1957). La Farge's autobiography, Raw Material, was published in 1945.