American stage and film actor, who was best known for his work in musical comedies, notably the Broadway production of The Producers.

Lane discovered his flair for musical comedy when he appeared in a high-school production of No, No, Nanette, and after graduation he embarked on a career in theatre. Among his early productions was a dinner-theatre staging of Guys and Dolls, in which he played Nathan Detroit. When he was about to join Actors' Equity and learned that there was already a Joe Lane in the membership, he took that character's first name. He moved to New York City in the late 1970s, appeared in some Off-Broadway productions, and—in addition to taking odd jobs to help support himself—put together a comedy act with another actor, Patrick Stark. The team, known as Stark and Lane, spent more than two years performing in nightclubs and as the opening act at concerts in Los Angeles, before Lane returned to New York.

Lane had a part in a short-lived 1982 television sitcom, One of the Boys, and shortly thereafter he was cast in a Broadway production of Present Laughter. Such plays as Love and She Stoops to Conquer (both in 1984) followed, and in 1987 Lane made his motion picture debut in Ironweed. An Off-Broadway role in The Lisbon Traviata (1989) attracted critical praise, as did his performances in Lips Together, Teeth Apart (1991) and the film Frankie and Johnny (1991). In 1992 he reprised his role in Guys and Dolls, this time on Broadway. The following year Lane's performance in Laughter on the 23rd Floor received rave reviews. He further charmed audiences with his voicing of the meerkat Timon in the animated film The Lion King (1994), his performance in the play Love! Valour! Compassion! (1994), and his role as the drag queen Albert in the movie The Birdcage (1996). Lane then went on to play the lead character Pseudolus in a Broadway revival of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (1996), a performance that garnered him his first Tony Award. In 1999 he starred in the television series George and Martha, and in 2000 he appeared onstage in The Man Who Came to Dinner as well as in television productions of that play and of Laughter on the 23rd Floor.

Lane received new praise in 2001 for his masterfully hilarious turn as con man Max Bialystock in Mel Brooks's blockbuster Broadway musical comedy The Producers. The production, which also starred Matthew Broderick, broke sales records, and Lane received a Tony for his performance; he also starred in the 2005 film adaptation. After a year, Lane left the Broadway production but later returned (with Broderick) in 2003–04. His other theatre work included Trumbo (2003), Butley (2003, 2006–07), and Dedication or the Stuff of Dreams (2005). From 2005 to 2006 he appeared in a remake of Neil Simon's The Odd Couple, and in 2008 he starred in David Mamet (Mamet, David)'s November, portraying a president on the eve of an election.