mistress of King Louis XIV (reigned 1643–1715) from 1661 to 1667.

La Vallière, the daughter of a military governor, was appointed maid of honour in 1661 to Louis XIV's sister-in-law Henrietta Anne of England, Duchess d'Orléans. Although Louis had been married to the Spanish infanta Marie-Thérèse for only about a year, he took La Vallière as his mistress in July 1661. In order to avoid offending his mother, Anne of Austria, the king did not publicly acknowledge the liaison, and La Vallière was too dependent and lacking in self-confidence to assert her rights as official mistress. Anne died in 1666, and in the following year La Vallière was supplanted in Louis's affections by the more worldly and ambitious Marquise de Montespan. He compensated La Vallière by making her a duchess. The marquise's husband, however, attempted to create a scandal by publicly calling attention to his wife's infidelity. To save himself embarrassment, Louis made La Vallière endure the humiliation of remaining at court as official mistress alongside his actual mistress. When La Vallière attempted to escape to a convent in 1671, the king forced her to return. Finally in 1674 the Marquis and Marquise de Montespan were legally separated; Louis then allowed La Vallière to enter a Carmelite convent in Paris, where she lived as a nun, imposing rigorous penances on herself until her death 36 years later. Two of her four children by Louis—a son and a daughter—survived infancy and were legitimized.