French lawyer whose radical political activity earned him a prominent position in the French Second Republic; he helped bring about universal male suffrage in France.

Called to the bar in 1829, Ledru-Rollin established his reputation by his defense of republicans charged with political offenses. He also began a notable contribution to French jurisprudence with his edition of the Journal du Palais, 27 vol. (1791–1837; “Journal of the Palace of Justice”), later (1837–47) to be supplemented by 17 volumes and by the Répertoire général de la jurisprudence française, 8 vol. (1843–48; “General Repertoire of French Law”).

He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1839 on a platform calling for universal suffrage and popular sovereignty. In the legislature his continued insistence on the need for a republican form of government left him isolated from other leftists.

Upon the outbreak of the Revolution of 1848, Ledru-Rollin proclaimed his support for a republic and joined the provisional government set up after the abdication of Louis-Philippe. He became minister of the interior, and through his influence the elections for a new legislature were held under universal manhood suffrage. In May 1848 Ledru-Rollin opposed the revolutionary extremists who were attempting to set up a new government. This lost him a great deal of working-class support.

In June 1849 Ledru-Rollin attacked the new president, Louis-Napoléon (Napoleon III), whose impeachment he demanded on June 11. Two days later Ledru-Rollin headed a demonstration that ended as an attempted insurrection. After heading a provisional government for two hours, he fled to England, where he wrote a great many revolutionary pamphlets. Under the full general amnesty of 1870, Ledru-Rollin returned to France. An edition of his speeches and political writings appeared in 1879.