southern African king who was one of a restored line of Lozi kings that recovered control of Barotseland following the death of the Kololo conqueror, Sebetwane. Fearful of attack from the Portuguese (in Angola to his west) and from the Ndebele (or Matabele) to his east, Lewanika brought Barotseland under British protection.

Originally known as Robosi (Lubosi), he acceded to the throne in 1876 but was briefly deposed in 1884. After he recovered the kingship in 1885, he took the name Lewanika and ruled until his death. From the time of his restoration he conceived the plan of acquiring British protection, and was aided in carrying this out by Khama III, king of the Bamangwato (to his south) and by Father François Coillard, a French missionary with whom he formed a close and enduring friendship. He abolished slavery and the slave trade in Barotseland.