English physician, classical scholar, founder and first president of the Royal College of Physicians of London.

Educated at the University of Oxford (1480–84), Linacre traveled extensively through Italy (1485–97), studying Greek and Latin classics under several noted scholars, and medicine at the University of Padua (M.D., 1496). Returning to England, he was appointed (1500) tutor to Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII, and served as physician (1509–20) to Henry VIII. He conducted a highly successful practice in London, numbering among his patients the humanist Desiderius Erasmus; Sir Thomas More, the author of Utopia; and Cardinal Wolsey, chief adviser to Henry VIII.

Distressed by the indiscriminate practice of medicine by barbers, clergymen, and anyone else inclined toward the art, Linacre obtained from Henry VIII in 1518 letters patent for the institution of a body of regular physicians empowered to decide who should practice medicine in greater London. This body became the Royal College of Physicians of London. Linacre left medical practice in 1520, when he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest.