(French: “engaged literature”), literature of commitment, popularized in the immediate post-World War II era, when the French existentialists, particularly Jean-Paul Sartre (Sartre, Jean-Paul), revived the idea of the artist's serious responsibility to society. The idea is an application to art of a basic existentialist tenet: that a person defines himself by consciously engaging in willed action. The position was a reaction against the creed of “art for art's sake” and against the “bourgeois” writer, whose obligation was to his craft rather than his audience. In his introductory statement to Les Temps Modernes (1945), a review devoted to littérature engagée, Sartre criticized Marcel Proust for his self-involvement and referred to Gustave Flaubert, whose private means allowed him to devote himself to a perfectionist art, as a “talented coupon clipper.”

Engagement was understood as an individual moral challenge that involved the responsibility of adapting freely made choices to socially useful ends, rather than as “taking a position” on particular political or other issues.