Chinese nobleman and scholar who was one of the few prominent Daoist philosophers active during the 700-year period between the peak of Daoist thought in the 4th century BC and its resurgence in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD.

Liu An was a grandson of Gaozu, the founder of the Western Han dynasty, and a cousin of the reigning emperor. Inheriting a kingship and granted the fief of Huainan (modern north-central Anhui province), Liu An became a patron of arts and sciences and attracted many talented people to his court. Under his patronage the important classic Huainanzi (also called Huainan honglie) was written. After being implicated in a plot against the imperial throne, he committed suicide.