East German speed skater and cyclist who earned the distinction of being the first and only person to win Summer and Winter Olympic medals in the same year (1988). At the Winter Games in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, she won the gold medal in the 1,000-metre speed-skating event; she then earned the silver medal in the 1,000-metre sprint cycling event at the Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea. Luding-Rothenburger's feat can never be equaled because of the two-year shift in the Winter Games schedule that occurred in 1994.

Christa Rothenburger first entered international competition strictly as a speed skater. But in 1980 her coach, Ernst Luding (whom she would later marry), urged her to take up cycling in the off-season. He believed that cycling and skating shared similar requirements of speed and strength. The training helped Rothenburger to win the gold medal in the 500-metre speed-skating event at the 1984 Olympic Games in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina). The East German Sports Federation initially refused her petition to also compete in cycling but later relented. She won the 1985 world sprint championship in speed skating and the 1986 world championship in sprint cycling. In addition to her historic Olympic achievements in 1988, that year Luding-Rothenburger won her second world sprint speed-skating championship. She competed at the 1992 Olympics in Albertville, France, earning a bronze medal in the 500-metre speed-skating event.