Dating to the 15th century, lugeing is a traditional winter sport in Austria and Germany. The first international sledding competition was held in Davos, Switzerland, in 1883. The International Sled Sport Federation was established in 1913 in Dresden, Germany, and it merged with the Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing (FIBT) in 1935. With single- and double-seater events, the first European luge championships were held in 1914 at Reichenfels, Austria, and the first world titles were contested at Oslo, Norway, in 1955. In 1957 the luge sport left the FIBT and established the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL). Lugeing was included in the Olympic Winter Games for the first time in 1964.

The sled, called a luge, is of wood, plastic, or fibreglass construction, with wide runners faced with steel. The maximum weight of the sled is 23 kg (50.7 pounds) for singles and 27 kg (59.5 pounds) for doubles. Doubles races are open to both genders, but the event is typically run by all-male teams. Luge competition is often held on a bobsled (bobsledding) run. Runs vary in length but typically range between 1,000 metres and 1,300 metres (approximately three-fourths of a mile) for men and between 800 metres and 1,050 metres (approximately half a mile) for women. Speeds reach up to 145 km (90 miles) per hour as competitors navigate the icy turns. A slider wears an aerodynamic bodysuit and spiked gloves, which enables the athlete to “paddle” the ice at the start of the race, propelling him down the course. A helmet is mandatory.

International luge competition has been dominated by European athletes, those from Germany and Austria in particular. At the 1998 Winter Games in Nagano, Japan, U.S. doubles teams claimed the silver and bronze medals, the first luge Olympic medals won by non-Europeans. Georg Hackl (Hackl, Georg) of Germany has been the sport's greatest performer.