president of Mexico from 1982 to 1988.

Miguel de la Madrid received a degree in law from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City in 1957 and a master's degree in public administration from Harvard University in 1965. He worked for the National Bank of Foreign Commerce and the Bank of Mexico, and, until 1968, he taught law at the UNAM.

A member of Mexico's ruling party, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional; PRI), from 1963, de la Madrid first entered government service in the Treasury (1965). From 1970 to 1972 he worked for Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex), but he returned to government service thereafter, taking a number of economic bureaucratic posts until becoming minister of planning and budget in Pres. José López Portillo (López Portillo, José)'s administration (1976–82). He was the principal author of an economic-development plan that was inspired by the revenues from vast new discoveries of Mexican petroleum.

A political conservative and friend of the business community, de la Madrid sought, as president, to combat corruption in government, in government-run industries, and in labour unions. He continued to pursue foreign policies that reflected the prevailing spirit of a more independent, worldly Mexico. His administration was characterized by an economic crisis, however, the bases of which had been laid by his predecessors. High inflation and a mounting foreign debt prompted a series of austerity measures including the elimination of more than 50,000 federal jobs and a freeze on workers' wages.