Major Neogene paleogeographic events
Table
Major Neogene paleogeographic events*
age time** paleogeographic events
Pleistocene c. 1 mya Uplift of Gibraltar sill and development of present-day Mediterranean circulation patterns (surface water inflow, deep water outflow).
Middle Pliocene 3 mya Uplift of the Isthmus of Panama, joining North and South America.
Early Pliocene c. 5 mya Opening of the Strait of Gibraltar.
Late Miocene c. 5.5 mya Closure of the Betic and Riffian (Moroccan) corridor, isolation of western Tethyan Sea from global ocean circulation, and evaporation of the basin.
Middle Miocene c. 13 mya Final severance of the Tethys and Paratethys (epeiric continental seaway in southwestern Eurasia).
Early Miocene c. 18 mya Junction of Africa and Eurasia.
*Listed are those paleogeographic events that affected global ocean circulation and certain climatic and faunal and floral migration patterns.
**Mya = millions of years ago.
See as table:
- Indian Shaker Church
- Indian summer
- Indian Territory
- Indian tobacco
- India rubber plant
- indicator species
- indiction
- indictment
- Indic writing systems
- Indies, Council of the
- Indies, Laws of the
- indifference
- indifference curve
- Indigenismo
- indigestion
- Indigirka River
- indigo
- indigo snake
- Indio
- Indira Gandhi
- indium
- individualism
- individual psychology
- Indo-Aryan languages
- Indochina