short-lived union between the autonomous territories of the Sudanese Republic and Senegal in West Africa. The federation took effect on April 4, 1959, achieved complete independence on June 20, 1960 (remaining within the French Community), and was dissolved by Senegal's secession on Aug. 20, 1960. Thereafter both countries became independent republics, Senegal continuing within the French Community and the Sudanese Republic becoming the Republic of Mali.