town, south-central Luzon, Philippines. It lies at the head of the Pampanga River delta, near the northern shore of Manila Bay. During a revolt against U.S. administration, the insurgent congress met there in the Barasoain Church, where they framed the “Malolos Constitution” and proclaimed a republic on January 23, 1899. The insurgent leader, Emilio Aguinaldo (Aguinaldo, Emilio), established his headquarters in Malolos, which served as the revolutionary capital until it was captured by U.S. forces in March 1899.