in feudal law (manorialism), court through which a lord exercised jurisdiction over his tenants. The manorial court was presided over by the steward or seneschal, and it was there that various officials—such as the reeve, who acted as general overseer, and the hayward, who watched over the crops and brought offenders to court—were appointed. Tenants were punished and often forced to pay fines for their offenses; the manorial court thus provided the lord with a convenient source of income. Through the court, tenants also registered land transactions between themselves—when this was permitted—and surrendered or took up holdings under the lord. Manorial courts declined in the 17th century and were generally obsolete in the 18th century. See also court baron.