professional baseball player whose one-season total of 61 home runs (1961) was the highest recorded in the major leagues until 1998. As this feat was accomplished in a 162-game schedule, baseball commissioner Ford C. Frick decreed that Maris had not broken Babe Ruth (Ruth, Babe)'s record of 60 home runs (which was set during a 154-game schedule in 1927) because Maris hit only 59 home runs in the first 154 games of the season. Not until 1991 was Maris recognized without dispute as the official record holder. Maris's record stood until September 8, 1998, when Mark McGwire (McGwire, Mark) of the St. Louis Cardinals hit his 62nd home run of the season. (McGwire eventually hit 70 home runs that year.) See Researcher's Note: Baseball's problematic single-season home run record.

Maris entered the major leagues with the Cleveland Indians in 1957. From 1960 through 1966 he played for the New York Yankees, Ruth's former team; like Ruth, Maris was an exceptional defensive outfielder as well as a powerful hitter. Maris won the Most Valuable Player Award for the American League in 1960 and 1961. He retired with a career total of 275 home runs after playing for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1967 and 1968.