botanist and author known for his translations of Virgil. During the 1720s Martyn worked as an apothecary, introducing the plants valerian and black currants and the use of peppermint water into pharmaceutical practice. He also lectured on botany, in which he was largely self-taught. The first edition of his Historia plantarum rariorum (1728; “History of Rare Plants”) described and illustrated English plants. He was professor of botany at Cambridge University from 1732 to 1762. Georgicks, his first translation of Virgil, was published in 1741. His second translation of the Bucolicks was published in 1749.