essayist, drama critic, novelist, and first U.S. professor of dramatic literature.

Educated at Columbia University, Matthews was admitted to the bar but never practiced, turning instead to writing and the study of literature. He was professor of literature at Columbia, 1892–1900, and of dramatic literature, 1900–24. A prominent figure in New York literary groups, he was the founder of both the Authors' and Players' clubs. Matthews was the author of many short stories and critical essays, was a regular critic for The New York Times for a long period, and was the author or editor of more than 40 books. A Confident Tomorrow (1899) is considered his best novel. His sound scholarship was revealed in such works as Molière: His Life and His Works (1910); Shakspere as a Playwright (1913), a work notable for its consideration of Shakespeare as a theatrical rather than a literary figure; and French Dramatists of the 19th Century (1881). His collections and mementoes are the foundation of the Brander Matthews Dramatic Museum at Columbia University, New York City.