The mazurka originated in the 16th century among the Mazurs of east-central Poland and was quickly adopted at the Polish court, yet it remained a peasant dance. It eventually spread to Russian and German ballrooms and by the 1830s had reached England and France. As a ballroom dance intended for four or eight couples or for single couples, the mazurka retains room for improvisation. The volume of mazurkas for piano composed by Frédéric Chopin (Chopin, Frédéric) (1810–49) reflects the dance's popularity in his day. The varsoviana is a 19th-century couple dance that evolved from a simple mazurka step. The smooth kujawiak and the energetic oberek are Polish dances that are closely related to the mazurka.