Brazilian poet and diplomat who played an important role in Brazilian Modernismo after 1930, though from 1956 he was a teacher and cultural attaché in Italy.

Mendes's early poems, characterized by ironic good humour and a colloquial vocabulary, illuminated the creative, chaotic forces within Brazilian everyday life. His later works show an increasing Surrealist influence. Following his conversion to Roman Catholicism (1934), he collaborated with Jorge de Lima (Lima, Jorge de) in the creation of metaphysical poetry (e.g., Tempo e eternidade, 1935; “Time and Eternity”), some of which is couched in allegorical terms.

Much of Mendes's subsequent poetry shows an almost dialectical tension between the worlds of forms and of religious transcendence. In poetry published during the last two decades of his life, he sought to incorporate the austere clarity and “dryness” of traditional Iberian Spanish verse, an influence that he communicated in turn to his fellow poet and diplomat João Cabral de Melo Neto (Melo Neto, João Cabral de). Mendes's poetry during this period was highly creative and experimental and showed an influence of the plastic arts.