American diplomat, the first woman to serve in the post of U.S. ambassador.

Eugenie Moore attended Stephens College (Columbia, Missouri) in 1926–27, Simpson College (Indianola, Iowa) in 1927–28, and Carleton College (Northfield, Minnesota) in 1929–30; she took no degree. In 1930 she married John P. Anderson. During two years in New York City she studied piano at the Juilliard School's Institute of Musical Art. She and her husband settled in his hometown of Red Wing, Minnesota, where she developed a strong interest in foreign affairs and became a leader of and lecturer for the Minnesota League of Women Voters.

In 1944 Anderson became active in state Democratic politics, helping to effect the Democratic-Farmer-Labor fusion and becoming county party chairman. In 1946 she was named to the party's state executive committee, and in 1948 to its national committee. Her effective campaigning that year on behalf of President Harry S. Truman and Senator Hubert H. Humphrey led to her appointment in October 1949 as U.S. ambassador to Denmark. She was the first American woman to hold that rank, her female predecessors in diplomacy having held no higher rank than minister. She held the post until mid-1953. Anderson remained active in politics and international affairs. She was chairman of the Minnesota Commission for Fair Employment Practices in 1955–60 and a member of the Democratic National Committee's advisory committee on foreign policy in 1957–61. From May 1962 to December 1964, on appointment of President John F. Kennedy, she served as U.S. envoy to Bulgaria. From August 1965 to September 1968 she was the U.S. representative on the United Nations Trusteeship Council, and she also served as an alternate delegate to the UN General Assembly; from September 1967 she was senior adviser to the U.S. delegation to the UN. Thereafter she served in a variety of state positions.