city, Jawa Timur (East Java) provinsi (province), Java, Indonesia, on Madura Strait. The Dutch first established a fort at Pasuruan in 1707. It was the capital of a residency from 1811 to 1934, which, by transferring to Malang in 1934, precipitated the industrial decline of the town, with much of its trade being diverted to Probolinggo to the southeast. The city has institutes of forestry and copper mining, a research institute for pulmonary diseases, a hospital, and a number of schools. Industries include rice milling, tanneries, light engineering, shipbuilding, and cabinetmaking. The surrounding district is a fertile rice-growing area, supplying the local mills. The Surabaya-Banyuwangi railway passes through Pasuruan. Pop. (2000) 168,323.