French mineralogist and petrologist, one of the pioneers of microscopic petrology.

Michel-Lévy was a brilliant student. His interest turned to geology, and in 1862 he matriculated at the Polytechnic School, then entered the School of Mines, from which he graduated at the head of his class in 1867. From 1870 he made his career with the government Geological Map Service, serving as its director from 1887 until his death. He was named to the Academy of Sciences in 1896.

Michel-Lévy proposed the use of birefringence to study minerals in thin section and measured this property for many minerals. He also developed statistical techniques to describe the chemical composition of feldspars; his methods have been applied to other minerals. He formulated the first classification of igneous rocks (igneous rock) that considered mineralogy, chemical composition, and texture. With Ferdinand Fouqué, Michel-Lévy studied and experimented widely in the synthesis of igneous rocks. They showed that the same molten mixture yields rocks of different mineralogy, depending on the conditions of crystallization, and that the rate of cooling determines crystal size. Together they wrote Minéralogie micrographique: roches éruptives françaises, 2 vols. (1879; “Micrographic Mineralogy: French Igneous Rocks”) and Synthèse des minéraux et des roches (1882; “Synthesis of Minerals and Rocks”). With Alfred Lacroix he wrote Tableaux des minéraux des roches (1889) and Les Mineraux des roches (1888).