American literary movement of the late 19th century that centred on the realistic depiction of Middle Western small town and rural life. The movement was an early stage in the development of American Realistic writing. E.W. Howe's Story of a Country Town (1883) and Joseph Kirkland's Zury (1887) and The McVeys (1888) foreshadowed the stories and novels of Hamlin Garland (Garland, Hamlin), the foremost representative of Midwestern Regionalism. Garland wrote Main-Travelled Roads (1891) and A Son of the Middle Border (1917), examples of works that deal with the poverty and hardship of Middle Western rural life and that explode the myth of the pioneer idyll. Chicago was the focal point of Midwestern Realist activity; Garland lived in the city for a time, as did such others as Theodore Dreiser, Edgar Lee Masters, and Sherwood Anderson. These latter figures were writers from small towns in the Middle West who were deeply influenced by the regional movement of the 1890s and became the leading exponents of 20th-century Realism and Naturalism.