township (town), Essex county, northeastern New Jersey, U.S., just west of Newark and lying between the Rahway and Passaic (Passaic River) rivers. It is primarily a residential community that includes the fashionable Short Hills district on the north and west. About 1664, colonists from New York purchased land from the Delaware Indians and founded Elizabethtown, which was divided in 1793 when the Springfield township was formed. During the American Revolution the Battle of Springfield (June 23, 1780) took place in the vicinity, and there was fighting around the present town hall.

The area has had many names, including Rum Brook, Riverhead, Vauxhall, Milltown, and Millville. In 1857 the northern part of Springfield seceded and was incorporated as Millburn township, the name originating from Samuel Campbell's first “mill-on-the-burn 【stream】,” built about 1790. This so-called Diamond Paper Mill has been transformed into the Paper Mill Playhouse (the State Theatre of New Jersey). Early industries included the manufacturing of paper and hats. Insurance companies and light manufacturing are now the basis of Millburn's economy. Pop. (1990) 18,630; (2000) 19,765.