city, Burgos provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Castile-León, northern Spain. It lies south of Bilbao on a plain straddling the Ebro River. Although historians ascribe Roman origins to Miranda (“Admirable Place”), it is probably older and named after local dolmens. Reconquered from the Moors by Alfonso I, Miranda later (1076) was reunited with Castile and given fueros (charters of privileges) by Alfonso VI in 1099. The community prospered under the Catholic and Austrian kings until it was ruined by floods and epidemics in the 18th century. Active in resisting the French invasion (1795), it was later the scene of a Popular Front demonstration that destroyed the church of San Nicolás in 1936; the Romanesque structure, once a mosque, has been restored. Miranda was declared a city in 1907. A rail junction between Madrid and the north, Miranda produces beet sugar, chocolate, and synthetic fibres. Furniture making and chemical production are also important economic activities. Pop. (2007 est.) mun., 38,417.