French statesman and one of Napoleon's chief financial advisers.

Mollien worked in the office that controlled the activities of the farmers general (private contractors who collected oppressive taxes from the peasants, often by harsh measures) from 1781, and in 1786 he drew up a contract whereby these tax collectors' payments to the Royal Treasury were increased. During the Revolution he held office for a short time in the département of Eure but was later imprisoned for five months. Napoleon made Mollien administrator of the sinking fund in November 1799 and its director general in July 1801. Under the empire, Mollien was minister of the public treasury from January 1806 to April 1814 and also during the Hundred Days in 1815; he reorganized its administration and introduced double-entry bookkeeping.

Mollien retired after the Second Restoration (July 1815) and refused the offer of the Ministry of Finance in 1819, although he did accept a peerage; he subsequently sponsored reports on financial questions in the Chamber of Peers. In 1845 he published his Mémoires d'un ministre du Trésor public 1780–1815 (new ed., 3 vol., 1898; “Memoirs of a Minister of the Public Treasury”).