French Egyptologist who conducted major excavations of the New Empire (c. 1567–c. 525 BC) capital at Tanis, in the Nile Delta, discovering, in particular, funerary treasures from the 21st and 22nd dynasties.

Professor of Egyptology at the University of Strasbourg (1919–48) and at the Collège de France, Paris (1948–56), from 1921 to 1924 he directed his first major excavation at Byblos (modern Jubayl, Lebanon), one of the oldest continuously inhabited towns in the world. There he uncovered what was then believed to be the earliest alphabetical writing and published his researches in Byblos et l'Égypte (1928).

Active at Tanis from 1929 to 1951, he made his important tomb discoveries in 1939, 1940, and 1946. Excavations yielded exceptionally rich examples of metalwork showing a Syrian influence, including a silver coffin and a gold mask. He published La Nécropole royale de Tanis, 3 vol. (1947–60; “The Royal Cemetery at Tanis”). His many writings include (in translation): Everyday Life in the Days of Ramesses the Great (1958) and Eternal Egypt (1964).