French lawyer and comic dramatist who alternated between literary and political activities with considerable success in both.

After preparing for a legal career in Paris, Andrieux in the early days of the French Revolution became a judge (1790–93) in the Cour de Cassation, the highest court of appeal. In 1793 he fled to the countryside to avoid the political turmoil of Paris. He soon returned to politics, however, and in 1800 he became president of the Tribunat, the deliberative assembly opposed to the Napoleonic Code. Napoleon removed him in 1802.

Andrieux then returned to dramatic writing, having achieved great success with Les Étourdis (1787; “The Scatterbrained”), and wrote a number of popular narrative poems. As a professor at the Collège de France (1814), he was reputedly so ardent a defender of the classical tradition against the rising influence of Romanticism that he advised the young novelist Honoré de Balzac to choose any profession rather than the writing of plays. Andrieux became permanent secretary of the French Academy in 1829 and spent his last years working on the 1835 edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie.