nephew of King Robert I the Bruce of Scotland and a leading military commander in Robert's successful struggle to gain independence from English rule; later he was regent for Robert's young son and successor, David II (reigned 1329–71).

Randolph was the son of one of Robert's sisters. When Robert revolted against the English and claimed the Scottish throne (1306), Randolph joined the insurgency, but he was soon thereafter taken prisoner at the Battle of Methven. He did homage to King Edward I of England and fought in the English army against Robert until captured by the Scottish commander Sir James Douglas in 1308. Submitting to Robert, Randolph quickly became a trusted commander and adviser. Robert made him Earl of Moray in 1312 or 1314. By a brilliant tactical maneuver Moray captured Edinburgh Castle from the English in March 1314, and three months later he distinguished himself in the spectacular Scottish victory over Edward II of England at Bannockburn.

With Douglas, Moray took Berwick-uponTweed from the English (1318), ravaged northern England (1319), and defeated an English army at Byland, Yorkshire (1322). In 1323 he persuaded Pope John XXII to recognize Robert's right to the Scottish throne. Five years later he played a major role in negotiating the treaty by which England recognized Robert as king of Scots. Robert died in June 1329, and Randolph was regent for David II until his death.