any of five species of entirely aquatic salamanders in a genus (Necturus) belonging to the family Proteidae (or Necturidae), in the order Caudata. Their popular name derives from the mistaken belief that they are able to bark. They are found in lakes, rivers, and swamps of eastern North America. Species inhabiting the southern United States are commonly called water dogs.

Adults range from approximately 20 to 40 cm (8 to 16 inches) in total length. The body is gray or brown and usually has a scattering of blurry blue-black spots. The external gills, retained throughout life, are bright red. The tail is flattened and exhibits dorsal and ventral fins; it is the major locomotor appendage. The legs are short and moderately robust.

Mud puppies prefer clear, silt-free water and usually hide during the day under stones or debris. They eat small animals such as crayfish or mollusks and the eggs of other aquatic animals. Fertilization is internal, and the female lays eggs.