accountant, politician, and prime minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984.

After completing his secondary education, Muldoon joined the army in World War II (1940) and learned accounting, serving in the South Pacific and in Italy. Thereafter, as a successful accountant and president of the New Zealand Institute of Cost Accountants (1956), Muldoon was elected a member of Parliament (1960) and served as minister of tourism (1967), minister of finance (1967–72), deputy prime minister (1972), and leader of the opposition (1974–75). He soon led the National Party to victory and turned a 25-seat deficit into a 19-seat winning margin in the general elections of November 1975. His tenure as prime minister was plagued by an economic pattern of low growth, high inflation, growing unemployment, and high external debts and borrowing. This situation was aggravated by the country's dependence on imported oil. Muldoon responded to these conditions with generally conservative financial policies that included the flexible use of tax cuts, industrial incentives, subsidies, import duties, and other devices in an effort to fine-tune the economy and achieve balanced growth without undue inflation. In foreign policy, Muldoon was decidedly anti-Soviet in his views and reemphasized New Zealand's defense commitments to the United States and Australia under the ANZUS pact. He was succeeded as prime minister by David Lange following the Labour Party victory in 1984.