historian and university professor who was one of the founders of the Norwegian nationalist school of historiography.

Writing during the period of romantic nationalism, Munch, along with Jakob Rudolf Keyser, promoted the idea that the Norwegians, as opposed to the Danes and Swedes, arrived in Scandinavia from the north and thus represented the pure Nordic racial type; and that the Old Norse language was a product of Norwegian, and not general Scandinavian, culture. A lifetime of scholarship failed to prove the first idea but established the second beyond doubt. Munch's work influenced the philologist Ivar Aasen (Aasen, Ivar) in his efforts to rehabilitate the Norwegian language and cleanse it of its Danish elements. Munch's multivolume Det norske Folks Historie (1852–63; “History of the Norwegian People”) inspired many Norwegian artistic and literary works, among them Ibsen's Peer Gynt.