Russian statesman and explorer whose efforts led to the expansion of the Russian Empire to the Pacific. In 1860 he planted the Russian flag at what was to become the port of Vladivostok.

A lieutenant general in the Russian army, Muravyov was appointed governor-general of eastern Siberia in 1847. Despite the opposition of many in the tsarist government who feared the reaction of the Chinese, he vigorously pursued the exploration and settlement of Siberia north of the Amur River. In the period 1854–58 he led a number of expeditions down the Amur, during the last of which, having obtained plenipotentiary powers from the tsar, he concluded the Treaty of Aigun with China (1858). This pact recognized the Amur as the boundary between Russia and China and greatly expanded Russian territory in Siberia. For his role Muravyov was granted the title of Count Amursky. The peninsula on which Vladivostok lies still bears his name.

Muravyov proposed the construction of a trans-Siberian railway several decades before its accomplishment. He also suggested that Alaska be ceded to the United States.