in Japanese history, period of the Ashikaga (Ashikaga Takauji) Shogunate (1338–1573). It was named for a district in Kyōto, where the first Ashikaga shogun, Takauji, established his administrative headquarters. Although Takauji took the title of shogun for himself and his heirs, complete control of Japan eluded him.

The most successful of the Ashikaga (Ashikaga Yoshimitsu) rulers, the third shogun Yoshimitsu, managed to eliminate his rivals and settle a long-standing split in the imperial line, creating an era of stability that lasted several decades. A later succession dispute within the Ashikaga, however, led to the Ōnin War (1467–77) and was followed by a century of military struggle known as “the age of the country at war” (sengoku jidai).

In spite of the political disorder, the Muromachi period witnessed great cultural growth, particularly under the influence of Zen Buddhism. The uniquely Japanese arts of the tea ceremony, flower arranging, and nō drama were developed, while the Sung style of ink painting (sumi) reached its height. In architecture simplicity and austerity were the general rule. Both the Golden Pavilion (Kinkakuji) and Silver Pavilion (Ginkakuji) in Kyōto were constructed as shogunal retreats during the Muromachi period.