museum dedicated to recording and representing the history of the London region from prehistoric times to the present day. Situated at the junction of London Wall and Aldersgate Street in the Barbican district of the City of London, the present building, designed by Philip Powell and Hidalgo Moya, was opened in 1976. It is the largest urban-history museum in the world.

Created by act of Parliament in 1965, the Museum of London brought together the collections of two well-established museums, the Guildhall Museum and the London Museum. The former, founded by the Corporation of London in 1826, housed many archaeological discoveries of the previous two centuries from Roman and medieval London, the Hanbury Beaufoy collection of tradesmen's tokens, and material relating to the city guilds and livery companies. The London Museum, opened in 1912, had been conceived partly as a memorial to Edward VII, and as a result it attracted royal collections. Other acquisitions included the John G. Joicey collection of Chelsea and Bow porcelain and decorative arts, Sir Richard Tangye's English Civil Wars collection, and more than 400 pieces of English glass amassed by Sir Richard Garton.

The museum's displays have been conceived as a "biography" of London and have a strong social-history element. Arranged chronologically, the glimpses of London life include reconstructed furnished rooms from Roman Londinium, as well as marble sculptures from the Temple of Mithras; fine medieval pottery and metalwork; Tudor and Stuart arms, armour, and costumes; theatre memorabilia; a cell from Newgate Prison; shop interiors of various London trades; and a hansom cab. Among the many popular exhibits are a diorama of the Great Fire of London in 1666 and the lord mayor's state coach, dating to 1757.