Austrian-German novelist, best known for his monumental unfinished novel Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (1930–43; The Man Without Qualities).

Musil received a doctorate from the University of Berlin in 1908 and then held jobs as a librarian and an editor before serving in the Austrian army in World War I (1914–18). (He inherited the Edler title, awarded his father in 1917, but did not use it as an author.) From 1918 to 1922 Musil was a civil servant in Vienna and thereafter worked randomly as a writer and journalist. He lived in Berlin (1932–33) but returned to Vienna until the Nazi Anschluss of 1938, when he fled to Switzerland, where he lived first in Zurich and then in Geneva.

Musil began writing as a student and attracted some notice in the 1920s writing various fiction and two plays, Die Schwärmer (1920; The Enthusiasts) and Vinzenz und die Freundin bedeutender Männer (1924; “Vincent and the Lady Friend of Important Men”), both of which were performed in Berlin and Vienna. In 1924 he began his main work, Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften, a witty and urbane view of life in the glittering world of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, told from the viewpoint of Ulrich, a fictionalized Musil. The First Book was published in 1930, and part of the Second Book in 1933; a remaining portion was published posthumously in 1943.