city, southeastern Punjab state, northwestern India. The city lies on a major rail line, as well as on a branch of the Sirhind Canal. Founded in 1763 as the capital of the princely state of Patiala, it is a trade and industrial centre; weaving, cotton ginning, distilling, and manufacturing are among its industries. Punjabi University (established 1962) and several affiliated colleges are located in the city, as are an old fort and a modern sports stadium.Wheat, cotton, corn (maize), and gram (chickpeas) are the chief crops grown in the surrounding region. Pop. (2001) 303,151.